Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-409

Allowed

Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.

194 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-66471 (GCVE-0-2025-66471)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-05 16:06 – Updated: 2025-12-05 19:33
VLAI
Title
urllib3 Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data
Summary
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 1.0 and prior to 2.6.0, the Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data. urllib3's streaming API is designed for the efficient handling of large HTTP responses by reading the content in chunks, rather than loading the entire response body into memory at once. When streaming a compressed response, urllib3 can perform decoding or decompression based on the HTTP Content-Encoding header (e.g., gzip, deflate, br, or zstd). The library must read compressed data from the network and decompress it until the requested chunk size is met. Any resulting decompressed data that exceeds the requested amount is held in an internal buffer for the next read operation. The decompression logic could cause urllib3 to fully decode a small amount of highly compressed data in a single operation. This can result in excessive resource consumption (high CPU usage and massive memory allocation for the decompressed data.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-05 19:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
urllib3 urllib3 Affected: >= 1.0, < 2.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-66019 (GCVE-0-2025-66019)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 23:38 – Updated: 2026-01-20 18:33
VLAI
Title
pypdf manipulated LZWDecode streams can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.4.0, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to a memory usage of up to 1 GB per stream. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter. This issue has been patched in version 6.4.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-26 16:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62708 (GCVE-0-2025-62708)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-22 21:36 – Updated: 2025-10-23 15:10
VLAI
Title
pypdf manipulated LZWDecode streams can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.1.3, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter. This has been fixed in pypdf version 6.1.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-23 15:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.1.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-58057 (GCVE-0-2025-58057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 21:46 – Updated: 2025-09-04 19:59
VLAI
Title
Netty's BrotliDecoder is vulnerable to DoS via zip bomb style attack
Summary
Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients. In netty-codec-compression versions 4.1.124.Final and below, and netty-codec versions 4.2.4.Final and below, when supplied with specially crafted input, BrotliDecoder and certain other decompression decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service. BrotliDecoder.decompress has no limit in how often it calls pull, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is fixed in versions 4.1.125.Final of netty-codec and 4.2.5.Final of netty-codec-compression.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-04 19:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netty netty Affected: <= 4.1.124.Final, < 4.1.125.Final
Affected: <= 4.2.4.Final, < 4.2.5.Final
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-46730 (GCVE-0-2025-46730)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-05 19:32 – Updated: 2025-05-05 20:04
VLAI
Title
Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) Allows Web Server Resource Exhaustion via ZIP of Death Attack
Summary
MobSF is a mobile application security testing tool used. Typically, MobSF is deployed on centralized internal or cloud-based servers that also host other security tools and web applications. Access to the MobSF web interface is often granted to internal security teams, audit teams, and external vendors. MobSF provides a feature that allows users to upload ZIP files for static analysis. Upon upload, these ZIP files are automatically extracted and stored within the MobSF directory. However, in versions up to and including 4.3.2, this functionality lacks a check on the total uncompressed size of the ZIP file, making it vulnerable to a ZIP of Death (zip bomb) attack. Due to the absence of safeguards against oversized extractions, an attacker can craft a specially prepared ZIP file that is small in compressed form but expands to a massive size upon extraction. Exploiting this, an attacker can exhaust the server's disk space, leading to a complete denial of service (DoS) not just for MobSF, but also for any other applications or websites hosted on the same server. This vulnerability can lead to complete server disruption in an organization which can affect other internal portals and tools too (which are hosted on the same server). If some organization has created their customized cloud based mobile security tool using MobSF core then an attacker can exploit this vulnerability to crash their servers. Commit 6987a946485a795f4fd38cebdb4860b368a1995d fixes this issue. As an additional mitigation, it is recommended to implement a safeguard that checks the total uncompressed size of any uploaded ZIP file before extraction. If the estimated uncompressed size exceeds a safe threshold (e.g., 100 MB), MobSF should reject the file and notify the user.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-05 20:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-32949 (GCVE-0-2025-32949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 14:57 – Updated: 2025-04-15 15:18
VLAI
Title
PeerTube User Import Authenticated Resource Exhaustion
Summary
This vulnerability allows any authenticated user to cause the server to consume very large amounts of disk space when extracting a Zip Bomb. If user import is enabled (which is the default setting), any registered user can upload an archive for importing. The code uses the yauzl library for reading the archive. The yauzl library does not contain any mechanism to detect or prevent extraction of a Zip Bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb . Therefore, when using the User Import functionality with a Zip Bomb, PeerTube will try extracting the archive which will cause a disk space resource exhaustion.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-15 15:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 7.1.1 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-30153 (GCVE-0-2025-30153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-19 16:03 – Updated: 2025-03-19 18:25
VLAI
Title
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) in github.com/getkin/kin-openapi/openapi3filter
Summary
kin-openapi is a Go project for handling OpenAPI files. Prior to 0.131.0, when validating a request with a multipart/form-data schema, if the OpenAPI schema allows it, an attacker can upload a crafted ZIP file (e.g., a ZIP bomb), causing the server to consume all available system memory. The root cause comes from the ZipFileBodyDecoder, which is registered automatically by the module (contrary to what the documentation says). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.131.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-19 18:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getkin kin-openapi Affected: < 0.131.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-25186 (GCVE-0-2025-25186)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-10 15:55 – Updated: 2025-02-12 15:46
VLAI
Title
Net::IMAP vulnerable to possible DoS by memory exhaustion
Summary
Net::IMAP implements Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) client functionality in Ruby. Starting in version 0.3.2 and prior to versions 0.3.8, 0.4.19, and 0.5.6, there is a possibility for denial of service by memory exhaustion in `net-imap`'s response parser. At any time while the client is connected, a malicious server can send can send highly compressed `uid-set` data which is automatically read by the client's receiver thread. The response parser uses `Range#to_a` to convert the `uid-set` data into arrays of integers, with no limitation on the expanded size of the ranges. Versions 0.3.8, 0.4.19, 0.5.6, and higher fix this issue. Additional details for proper configuration of fixed versions and backward compatibility are available in the GitHub Security Advisory.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-10 16:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-405 - Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
  • CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
  • CWE-1287 - Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ruby net-imap Affected: >= 0.3.2, < 0.3.8
Affected: >= 0.4.0, < 0.4.19
Affected: >= 0.5.0, < 0.5.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-0986 (GCVE-0-2025-0986)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-28 13:21 – Updated: 2025-09-01 01:00
VLAI
Title
IBM PowerVM Hypervisor data manipulation
Summary
IBM PowerVM Hypervisor FW1050.00 through FW1050.30 and FW1060.00 through FW1060.20 could allow a local user, under certain Linux processor combability mode configurations, to cause undetected data loss or errors when performing gzip compression using HW acceleration.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-28 13:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7229349 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM PowerVM Hypervisor Affected: FW1050.00 , ≤ FW1050.30 (semver)
Affected: FW1060.00 , ≤ FW1060.20 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:ibm:power9_system_firmware:fw1050.00:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:ibm:power9_system_firmware:fw1050.30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:ibm:power9_system_firmware:fw1060.00:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:ibm:power9_system_firmware:fw1060.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-55909 (GCVE-0-2024-55909)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-02 00:35 – Updated: 2025-08-28 14:28
VLAI
Title
IBM Concert Software denial of service
Summary
IBM Concert Software 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 could allow an authenticated user to cause a denial of service due to the expansion of archive files without controlling resource consumption.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-02 12:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7232169 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Concert Software Affected: 1.0.0 , ≤ 1.0.5 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.