Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-770
AllowedAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
3489 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-82722 (GCVE-0-2026-82722)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 02:22 – Updated: 2026-08-31 16:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AshAdmin LiveView events intern atoms from client input, exhausting the atom table (node DoS)
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_admin lets any client that can reach the admin LiveView exhaust the BEAM atom table and crash the entire node.
Two LiveView event handlers interned atoms from unvalidated client input: AshAdmin.PageLive's set_actor built modules from the resource/domain payload with Module.concat/1, and AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show's calculate converted every submitted form key with String.to_atom/1. Atoms are never garbage collected and the table is capped, so flooding either event with random names mints a new atom per request until the VM aborts, taking down every application on the node. The fix resolves the submitted resource/domain against the known shown resources and maps calculation keys to declared arguments, so no client-supplied string is interned.
This issue affects ash_admin: from 0.1.0 before 1.3.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 16:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin/security… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-82722.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-82722 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin/commit/7… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash_admin |
Affected:
0.1.0 , < 1.3.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_admin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| ash-project | ash_admin |
Affected:
98b03baa8422b94dd13e305bf08b8ee3f7232c7b , < 731dffa09416d68f4ad3a0b6ee146b285ca0083b
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_admin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-82722",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-31T16:05:51.895740Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T16:07:01.861Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin/security/advisories/GHSA-wcr6-9rrw-5jhv"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_admin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.PageLive\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash_admin",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/ash_admin",
"product": "ash_admin",
"programFiles": [
"lib/ash_admin/pages/page_live.ex",
"lib/ash_admin/components/resource/show.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.PageLive\u0027:handle_event/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show\u0027:handle_event/3"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.3.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.1.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_admin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.PageLive\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash-project/ash_admin",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ash-project/ash_admin",
"product": "ash_admin",
"programFiles": [
"lib/ash_admin/pages/page_live.ex",
"lib/ash_admin/components/resource/show.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.PageLive\u0027:handle_event/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show\u0027:handle_event/3"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "731dffa09416d68f4ad3a0b6ee146b285ca0083b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "98b03baa8422b94dd13e305bf08b8ee3f7232c7b",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_admin:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.3.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.1.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Zach Daniel / Ash Project"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_admin lets any client that can reach the admin LiveView exhaust the BEAM atom table and crash the entire node.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo LiveView event handlers interned atoms from unvalidated client input: \u003ccode\u003eAshAdmin.PageLive\u003c/code\u003e\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eset_actor\u003c/code\u003e built modules from the \u003ccode\u003eresource\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003edomain\u003c/code\u003e payload with \u003ccode\u003eModule.concat/1\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eAshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show\u003c/code\u003e\u0027s \u003ccode\u003ecalculate\u003c/code\u003e converted every submitted form key with \u003ccode\u003eString.to_atom/1\u003c/code\u003e. Atoms are never garbage collected and the table is capped, so flooding either event with random names mints a new atom per request until the VM aborts, taking down every application on the node. The fix resolves the submitted \u003ccode\u003eresource\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003edomain\u003c/code\u003e against the known shown resources and maps calculation keys to declared arguments, so no client-supplied string is interned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash_admin: from 0.1.0 before 1.3.1.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_admin lets any client that can reach the admin LiveView exhaust the BEAM atom table and crash the entire node.\n\nTwo LiveView event handlers interned atoms from unvalidated client input: `AshAdmin.PageLive`\u0027s `set_actor` built modules from the `resource`/`domain` payload with `Module.concat/1`, and `AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show`\u0027s `calculate` converted every submitted form key with `String.to_atom/1`. Atoms are never garbage collected and the table is capped, so flooding either event with random names mints a new atom per request until the VM aborts, taking down every application on the node. The fix resolves the submitted `resource`/`domain` against the known shown resources and maps calculation keys to declared arguments, so no client-supplied string is interned.\n\nThis issue affects ash_admin: from 0.1.0 before 1.3.1."
}
],
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_admin lets any client that can reach the admin LiveView exhaust the BEAM atom table and crash the entire node.\n\nTwo LiveView event handlers interned atoms from unvalidated client input: AshAdmin.PageLive\u0027s set_actor built modules from the resource/domain payload with Module.concat/1, and AshAdmin.Components.Resource.Show\u0027s calculate converted every submitted form key with String.to_atom/1. Atoms are never garbage collected and the table is capped, so flooding either event with random names mints a new atom per request until the VM aborts, taking down every application on the node. The fix resolves the submitted resource/domain against the known shown resources and maps calculation keys to declared arguments, so no client-supplied string is interned.\n\nThis issue affects ash_admin: from 0.1.0 before 1.3.1."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T02:22:15.099Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin/security/advisories/GHSA-wcr6-9rrw-5jhv"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-82722.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-82722"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_admin/commit/731dffa09416d68f4ad3a0b6ee146b285ca0083b"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "AshAdmin LiveView events intern atoms from client input, exhausting the atom table (node DoS)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-82722",
"datePublished": "2026-08-31T02:22:15.099Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-31T00:59:08.959Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T16:07:01.861Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-82562 (GCVE-0-2026-82562)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-29 23:58 – Updated: 2026-08-31 17:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
qs.parse does not enforce arrayLimit on comma groups under bracket-push keys when throwOnLimitExceeded is set (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-2391)
Summary
### Summary
When `qs.parse` is called with `comma: true` and `throwOnLimitExceeded: true`, a comma-separated value under a bracket-push key (`a[]=1,2,3,4`) is split into an array without being compared against `arrayLimit`, while the same value under a flat key (`a=1,2,3,4`), an indexed key (`a[0]=`), a nested key (`a[b]=`), or a dotted key (`a.b=` with `allowDots`) throws the documented `RangeError`. A single parameter such as `a[]=1,2,2,...` therefore produces an inner array of arbitrary length even though the caller opted into the hard limit. This is the `[]=` key form that the fix for CVE-2026-2391 (qs 6.14.2) did not cover.
### Details
In `lib/parse.js`, a comma-separated value under a `[]=` key is split and then wrapped as a single nested element (`val = [val]`, so that each `a[]=x,y` group counts as one element of the outer array). The `arrayLimit` check that 6.14.2 added for comma values runs after that wrap, so for `[]=` parts it only ever saw the wrapper of length 1. 6.15.3 added a pre-split comma count so that an oversized value throws before it is allocated, but gated it on an `isFlatArrayValue` flag that `parseValues` set to `false` for any part containing `[]=`, and did not pass it for object-valued input, so the gap remained.
#### PoC
```js
var qs = require('qs');
var options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 3, throwOnLimitExceeded: true };
qs.parse('a=1,2,3,4', options); // RangeError: Array limit exceeded. Only 3 elements allowed in an array.
qs.parse('a[]=1,2,3,4', options); // { a: [ [ '1', '2', '3', '4' ] ] } (no throw)
qs.parse('a[]=' + '1,'.repeat(1000000) + '1', { comma: true, arrayLimit: 20, throwOnLimitExceeded: true });
// no throw; a 1,000,001-element inner array is allocated
```
#### Fix
`lib/parse.js`, applied in 8859c37 on `main` and released as v6.16.0: the `isFlatArrayValue` gate is removed, so every comma-split value is counted against `arrayLimit` before splitting regardless of key form. An in-limit group under `a[]=` still counts as one element of the outer array, and the default (`throwOnLimitExceeded: false`) path is unchanged.
### Affected versions
`>=6.14.2 <6.16.0`, fixed in v6.16.0.
v6.14.2 introduced `arrayLimit` enforcement for comma values (the fix for CVE-2026-2391) but only for values not under a `[]=` key, and every release from v6.14.2 through v6.15.3 has the same gap. v6.14.0 and v6.14.1, where `throwOnLimitExceeded` exists but does not apply to any comma form, are covered by CVE-2026-2391 rather than this record. Earlier lines (6.7.x through 6.13.x) have `comma` but no `throwOnLimitExceeded`, so there is no hard cap on any comma path to bypass; releases before 6.7.0 have no `comma` option.
### Impact
An unauthenticated attacker who can reach an application that parses untrusted query strings or urlencoded bodies with both `comma: true` and `throwOnLimitExceeded: true` (both non-default) can bypass the configured limit with a single `a[]=` parameter and force the parser to allocate an array proportional to the request size. The cost is strictly linear in the attacker-supplied bytes (about 0.1 microseconds and 6 to 7 retained bytes per input byte; the same out-of-memory threshold as the documented default `throwOnLimitExceeded: false` path), so a transport-layer request or body size limit bounds it completely (and node's default maximum HTTP header size of 16 KB already bounds the request line, so multi-megabyte payloads need a body parser). The impact is that an opt-in hard limit fails open on one key spelling, not unbounded allocation from a small input.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 17:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/8859c37470e11… | patch |
| https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/… | related |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-82562",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-31T17:03:54.217257Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T17:04:14.950Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/GHSA-x5fp-wj9c-mxmx"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://npmjs.com/qs",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "qs",
"product": "qs",
"repo": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs",
"vendor": "ljharb",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.16.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.14.2",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Vectrain51"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Fcmam5"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "ljharb"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003e### Summary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen `qs.parse` is called with `comma: true` and `throwOnLimitExceeded: true`, a comma-separated value under a bracket-push key (`a[]=1,2,3,4`) is split into an array without being compared against `arrayLimit`, while the same value under a flat key (`a=1,2,3,4`), an indexed key (`a[0]=`), a nested key (`a[b]=`), or a dotted key (`a.b=` with `allowDots`) throws the documented `RangeError`. A single parameter such as `a[]=1,2,2,...` therefore produces an inner array of arbitrary length even though the caller opted into the hard limit. This is the `[]=` key form that the fix for CVE-2026-2391 (qs 6.14.2) did not cover.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e### Details\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn `lib/parse.js`, a comma-separated value under a `[]=` key is split and then wrapped as a single nested element (`val = [val]`, so that each `a[]=x,y` group counts as one element of the outer array). The `arrayLimit` check that 6.14.2 added for comma values runs after that wrap, so for `[]=` parts it only ever saw the wrapper of length 1. 6.15.3 added a pre-split comma count so that an oversized value throws before it is allocated, but gated it on an `isFlatArrayValue` flag that `parseValues` set to `false` for any part containing `[]=`, and did not pass it for object-valued input, so the gap remained.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e#### PoC\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e```js\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evar qs = require(\u0027qs\u0027);\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evar options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 3, throwOnLimitExceeded: true };\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eqs.parse(\u0027a=1,2,3,4\u0027, options); // RangeError: Array limit exceeded. Only 3 elements allowed in an array.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eqs.parse(\u0027a[]=1,2,3,4\u0027, options); // { a: [ [ \u00271\u0027, \u00272\u0027, \u00273\u0027, \u00274\u0027 ] ] } (no throw)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eqs.parse(\u0027a[]=\u0027 + \u00271,\u0027.repeat(1000000) + \u00271\u0027, { comma: true, arrayLimit: 20, throwOnLimitExceeded: true });\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e// no throw; a 1,000,001-element inner array is allocated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e```\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e#### Fix\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e`lib/parse.js`, applied in 8859c37 on `main` and released as v6.16.0: the `isFlatArrayValue` gate is removed, so every comma-split value is counted against `arrayLimit` before splitting regardless of key form. An in-limit group under `a[]=` still counts as one element of the outer array, and the default (`throwOnLimitExceeded: false`) path is unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e### Affected versions\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e`\u0026gt;=6.14.2 \u0026lt;6.16.0`, fixed in v6.16.0.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ev6.14.2 introduced `arrayLimit` enforcement for comma values (the fix for CVE-2026-2391) but only for values not under a `[]=` key, and every release from v6.14.2 through v6.15.3 has the same gap. v6.14.0 and v6.14.1, where `throwOnLimitExceeded` exists but does not apply to any comma form, are covered by CVE-2026-2391 rather than this record. Earlier lines (6.7.x through 6.13.x) have `comma` but no `throwOnLimitExceeded`, so there is no hard cap on any comma path to bypass; releases before 6.7.0 have no `comma` option.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e### Impact\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn unauthenticated attacker who can reach an application that parses untrusted query strings or urlencoded bodies with both `comma: true` and `throwOnLimitExceeded: true` (both non-default) can bypass the configured limit with a single `a[]=` parameter and force the parser to allocate an array proportional to the request size. The cost is strictly linear in the attacker-supplied bytes (about 0.1 microseconds and 6 to 7 retained bytes per input byte; the same out-of-memory threshold as the documented default `throwOnLimitExceeded: false` path), so a transport-layer request or body size limit bounds it completely (and node\u0027s default maximum HTTP header size of 16 KB already bounds the request line, so multi-megabyte payloads need a body parser). The impact is that an opt-in hard limit fails open on one key spelling, not unbounded allocation from a small input.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "### Summary\n\n\n\nWhen `qs.parse` is called with `comma: true` and `throwOnLimitExceeded: true`, a comma-separated value under a bracket-push key (`a[]=1,2,3,4`) is split into an array without being compared against `arrayLimit`, while the same value under a flat key (`a=1,2,3,4`), an indexed key (`a[0]=`), a nested key (`a[b]=`), or a dotted key (`a.b=` with `allowDots`) throws the documented `RangeError`. A single parameter such as `a[]=1,2,2,...` therefore produces an inner array of arbitrary length even though the caller opted into the hard limit. This is the `[]=` key form that the fix for CVE-2026-2391 (qs 6.14.2) did not cover.\n\n\n\n### Details\n\n\n\nIn `lib/parse.js`, a comma-separated value under a `[]=` key is split and then wrapped as a single nested element (`val = [val]`, so that each `a[]=x,y` group counts as one element of the outer array). The `arrayLimit` check that 6.14.2 added for comma values runs after that wrap, so for `[]=` parts it only ever saw the wrapper of length 1. 6.15.3 added a pre-split comma count so that an oversized value throws before it is allocated, but gated it on an `isFlatArrayValue` flag that `parseValues` set to `false` for any part containing `[]=`, and did not pass it for object-valued input, so the gap remained.\n\n\n\n#### PoC\n\n\n\n```js\n\n\n\nvar qs = require(\u0027qs\u0027);\n\n\n\nvar options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 3, throwOnLimitExceeded: true };\n\n\n\nqs.parse(\u0027a=1,2,3,4\u0027, options); // RangeError: Array limit exceeded. Only 3 elements allowed in an array.\n\n\n\nqs.parse(\u0027a[]=1,2,3,4\u0027, options); // { a: [ [ \u00271\u0027, \u00272\u0027, \u00273\u0027, \u00274\u0027 ] ] } (no throw)\n\n\n\nqs.parse(\u0027a[]=\u0027 + \u00271,\u0027.repeat(1000000) + \u00271\u0027, { comma: true, arrayLimit: 20, throwOnLimitExceeded: true });\n\n\n\n// no throw; a 1,000,001-element inner array is allocated\n\n\n\n```\n\n\n\n#### Fix\n\n\n\n`lib/parse.js`, applied in 8859c37 on `main` and released as v6.16.0: the `isFlatArrayValue` gate is removed, so every comma-split value is counted against `arrayLimit` before splitting regardless of key form. An in-limit group under `a[]=` still counts as one element of the outer array, and the default (`throwOnLimitExceeded: false`) path is unchanged.\n\n\n\n### Affected versions\n\n\n\n`\u003e=6.14.2 \u003c6.16.0`, fixed in v6.16.0.\n\n\n\nv6.14.2 introduced `arrayLimit` enforcement for comma values (the fix for CVE-2026-2391) but only for values not under a `[]=` key, and every release from v6.14.2 through v6.15.3 has the same gap. v6.14.0 and v6.14.1, where `throwOnLimitExceeded` exists but does not apply to any comma form, are covered by CVE-2026-2391 rather than this record. Earlier lines (6.7.x through 6.13.x) have `comma` but no `throwOnLimitExceeded`, so there is no hard cap on any comma path to bypass; releases before 6.7.0 have no `comma` option.\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\n\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker who can reach an application that parses untrusted query strings or urlencoded bodies with both `comma: true` and `throwOnLimitExceeded: true` (both non-default) can bypass the configured limit with a single `a[]=` parameter and force the parser to allocate an array proportional to the request size. The cost is strictly linear in the attacker-supplied bytes (about 0.1 microseconds and 6 to 7 retained bytes per input byte; the same out-of-memory threshold as the documented default `throwOnLimitExceeded: false` path), so a transport-layer request or body size limit bounds it completely (and node\u0027s default maximum HTTP header size of 16 KB already bounds the request line, so multi-megabyte payloads need a body parser). The impact is that an opt-in hard limit fails open on one key spelling, not unbounded allocation from a small input."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-29T23:58:31.289Z",
"orgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"shortName": "harborist"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/GHSA-x5fp-wj9c-mxmx"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/8859c37470e11b42b547b275e4e9bd0bc8cc5464"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/GHSA-w7fw-mjwx-w883"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUpgrade to qs 6.16.0 or later.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Upgrade to qs 6.16.0 or later."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "qs.parse does not enforce arrayLimit on comma groups under bracket-push keys when throwOnLimitExceeded is set (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-2391)",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eBound request and body size at the transport layer (reverse proxy, API gateway, or body parser limit), which caps the cost of this input completely; or disable `comma: true` for untrusted input.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Bound request and body size at the transport layer (reverse proxy, API gateway, or body parser limit), which caps the cost of this input completely; or disable `comma: true` for untrusted input."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "7ffcee3d-2c14-4c3e-b844-86c6a321a158",
"assignerShortName": "harborist",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-82562",
"datePublished": "2026-08-29T23:58:31.289Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-29T23:51:36.085Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T17:04:14.950Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-81699 (GCVE-0-2026-81699)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-28 15:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via unbounded KDF cost
Summary
openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.9 fail to properly validate key derivation function costs in crafted files, allowing attackers to trigger unbounded memory and CPU exhaustion during pre-authentication processing. Attackers can supply malicious files with excessive KDF parameters to exhaust system resources and crash or wedge the process before password verification occurs.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 18:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/secur… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openssl-encr… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jahlives | openssl_encrypt |
Affected:
0 , < 1.4.9
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.4.9 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-81699",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-27T18:38:48.311398Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T15:59:12.631Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:pypi/openssl-encrypt",
"product": "openssl_encrypt",
"vendor": "jahlives",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.4.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.4.9",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-12T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.9 fail to properly validate key derivation function costs in crafted files, allowing attackers to trigger unbounded memory and CPU exhaustion during pre-authentication processing. Attackers can supply malicious files with excessive KDF parameters to exhaust system resources and crash or wedge the process before password verification occurs."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T14:51:03.419Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-phmr-p567-q5g6)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/security/advisories/GHSA-phmr-p567-q5g6"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via unbounded KDF cost",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openssl-encrypt-before-1.4.9-denial-of-service-via-unbounded-kdf-cost"
}
],
"title": "openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via unbounded KDF cost",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-81699",
"datePublished": "2026-08-27T14:51:03.419Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-27T11:12:29.817Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T15:59:12.631Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-81636 (GCVE-0-2026-81636)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-30 18:25 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Query-complexity limit bypass via first/last pagination arguments in AshGraphql enables denial of service
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.
AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3 multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains :limit (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use first and last, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns child_complexity + 1. A nested relay query such as posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } } therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe max_complexity cap that rejects the equivalent limit-based query. The fix adds first and last clauses clamped to the action's page size.
This issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/securi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-81636.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-81636 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/commit… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash_graphql |
Affected:
0.16.23 , < 1.11.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| ash-project | ash_graphql |
Affected:
d8a3e1b15587180ad9cb3ceeb398863d086c163b , < c3229f6a65cbabb32fd7ffcac881922d1b3b30ad
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-81636",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-31T15:56:42.788155Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T15:57:06.465Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/security/advisories/GHSA-mwc4-r9fc-h6mg"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash_graphql",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/ash_graphql",
"product": "ash_graphql",
"programFiles": [
"lib/graphql/resolver.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver\u0027:query_complexity/3"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.11.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.16.23",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver\u0027"
],
"packageName": "ash-project/ash_graphql",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ash-project/ash_graphql",
"product": "ash_graphql",
"programFiles": [
"lib/graphql/resolver.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver\u0027:query_complexity/3"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql",
"vendor": "ash-project",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "c3229f6a65cbabb32fd7ffcac881922d1b3b30ad",
"status": "affected",
"version": "d8a3e1b15587180ad9cb3ceeb398863d086c163b",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_graphql:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.11.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.16.23",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Zach Daniel / Ash Project"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eAshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3\u003c/code\u003e multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains \u003ccode\u003e:limit\u003c/code\u003e (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use \u003ccode\u003efirst\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003elast\u003c/code\u003e, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns \u003ccode\u003echild_complexity + 1\u003c/code\u003e. A nested relay query such as \u003ccode\u003eposts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } }\u003c/code\u003e therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe \u003ccode\u003emax_complexity\u003c/code\u003e cap that rejects the equivalent \u003ccode\u003elimit\u003c/code\u003e-based query. The fix adds \u003ccode\u003efirst\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003elast\u003c/code\u003e clauses clamped to the action\u0027s page size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.\n\n`AshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3` multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains `:limit` (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use `first` and `last`, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns `child_complexity + 1`. A nested relay query such as `posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } }` therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe `max_complexity` cap that rejects the equivalent `limit`-based query. The fix adds `first` and `last` clauses clamped to the action\u0027s page size.\n\nThis issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0."
}
],
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ash-project ash_graphql allows an unauthenticated client to bypass the configured GraphQL query-complexity limit and force an unbounded database read.\n\nAshGraphql.Graphql.Resolver.query_complexity/3 multiplies child complexity by the requested page size only when the argument map contains :limit (offset pagination). Relay connections and keyset pagination use first and last, which never match that clause and fall through to the catch-all that returns child_complexity + 1. A nested relay query such as posts(first: 500) { edges { node { comments(first: 500) { ... } } } } therefore scores as trivially cheap while materializing the full fan-out, passing an Absinthe max_complexity cap that rejects the equivalent limit-based query. The fix adds first and last clauses clamped to the action\u0027s page size.\n\nThis issue affects ash_graphql: from 0.16.23 before 1.11.0."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-30T18:25:29.776Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/security/advisories/GHSA-mwc4-r9fc-h6mg"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-81636.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-81636"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_graphql/commit/c3229f6a65cbabb32fd7ffcac881922d1b3b30ad"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Query-complexity limit bypass via first/last pagination arguments in AshGraphql enables denial of service"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-81636",
"datePublished": "2026-08-30T18:25:29.776Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-30T02:00:02.143Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T15:57:06.465Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-81624 (GCVE-0-2026-81624)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 08:47 – Updated: 2026-08-31 08:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Undertow-core: undertow: websocketcontainer defaults for buffers and timeouts are infinite
Summary
Undertow is a flexible performant web server used in JBoss EAP and WildFly. A flaw was found in how Undertow handles WebSocket connections. Specifically, certain configuration limits like message buffer sizes and session timeouts cannot be adjusted and default to being unlimited. This allows a remote attacker to send large amounts of data or maintain connections indefinitely, potentially crashing the server by exhausting its memory or other resources.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-81624 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2524868 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
9 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-08-27 00:00
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:4"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "undertow-core",
"product": "Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "moditect",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "pki-core:10.6/resteasy",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "pki-deps:10.6/resteasy",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "resteasy",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "undertow-core",
"product": "Red Hat Fuse 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "jboss-eap-7/eap74-els-openjdk11-openshift-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "jboss-eap-7/eap74-els-openjdk17-openshift-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "jboss-eap-7/eap74-els-openjdk8-openshift-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "undertow-core",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "undertow-core",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "undertow-core",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "undertow-core",
"product": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-27T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Undertow is a flexible performant web server used in JBoss EAP and WildFly. A flaw was found in how Undertow handles WebSocket connections. Specifically, certain configuration limits like message buffer sizes and session timeouts cannot be adjusted and default to being unlimited. This allows a remote attacker to send large amounts of data or maintain connections indefinitely, potentially crashing the server by exhausting its memory or other resources."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Important"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T08:47:51.752Z",
"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"shortName": "redhat"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-81624"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2524868",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2524868"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-27T08:34:15.925Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-27T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Undertow-core: undertow: websocketcontainer defaults for buffers and timeouts are infinite",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-81624",
"datePublished": "2026-08-31T08:47:51.752Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-27T08:40:49.997Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T08:47:51.752Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-81285 (GCVE-0-2026-81285)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 14:33 – Updated: 2026-08-28 15:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Smush Image Compression and Optimization plugin <= 4.2.0 - Denial of Service Attack vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Denial of Service Attack in Smush Image Compression and Optimization <= 4.2.0 versions.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 15:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WPMU DEV | Smush Image Compression and Optimization |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 4.2.0
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-81285",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-28T15:50:01.770517Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T15:52:24.225Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "wp-smushit",
"product": "Smush Image Compression and Optimization",
"vendor": "WPMU DEV",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "4.3.0",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.2.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "n/a",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
"value": "Asim Alshaya | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Unauthenticated Denial of Service Attack in Smush Image Compression and Optimization \u003c= 4.2.0 versions."
}
],
"value": "Unauthenticated Denial of Service Attack in Smush Image Compression and Optimization \u003c= 4.2.0 versions."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-469",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-469 HTTP DoS"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T14:33:32.509Z",
"orgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"shortName": "Patchstack"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-smushit/vulnerability/wordpress-smush-image-compression-and-optimization-plugin-4-2-0-denial-of-service-attack-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Update the WordPress Smush Image Compression and Optimization Plugin to the latest available version (at least 4.3.0)."
}
],
"value": "Update the WordPress Smush Image Compression and Optimization Plugin to the latest available version (at least 4.3.0)."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "WordPress Smush Image Compression and Optimization plugin \u003c= 4.2.0 - Denial of Service Attack vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-81285",
"datePublished": "2026-08-28T14:33:32.509Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-26T17:33:24.196Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T15:52:24.225Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-80212 (GCVE-0-2026-80212)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:15 – Updated: 2026-08-27 19:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An issue was discovered in the resolv gem before 0.7.2 for Ruby. Resolv::DNS::Resource.get_class, Resolv::DNS::Resource::Generic.create, and Resolv::DNS::SvcParam::Generic.create generate a new class for each unknown DNS resource record (type, class) pair, or each unknown SvcParamKey, encountered while decoding a response. Each generated class was permanently registered both as a constant on Resource (or SvcParam::Generic) and as an entry in a class-lookup hash (ClassHash), and thus the class remained reachable through that constant after the response was discarded. Type and class are each 16-bit values, and thus an attacker controlling DNS responses (a spoofed response, or a malicious or hijacked upstream DNS server) has roughly 2^32 distinct (type, class) pairs to choose from. A single response of a few hundred kilobytes carrying tens of thousands of distinct unknown types permanently grows process memory by tens of megabytes; repeated responses accumulate without bound and are never reclaimed by garbage collection, because the constant keeps each class alive. Any code path that calls Resolv::DNS::Message.decode on attacker-influenced DNS responses is affected. resolv is a default gem, and thus this is reachable from a plain Ruby installation without any additional dependency.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 19:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-80212",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-27T19:33:50.602678Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T19:33:58.773Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:gem/resolv",
"product": "resolv",
"vendor": "Ruby",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0.3.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "0.7.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.4.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An issue was discovered in the resolv gem before 0.7.2 for Ruby. Resolv::DNS::Resource.get_class, Resolv::DNS::Resource::Generic.create, and Resolv::DNS::SvcParam::Generic.create generate a new class for each unknown DNS resource record (type, class) pair, or each unknown SvcParamKey, encountered while decoding a response. Each generated class was permanently registered both as a constant on Resource (or SvcParam::Generic) and as an entry in a class-lookup hash (ClassHash), and thus the class remained reachable through that constant after the response was discarded. Type and class are each 16-bit values, and thus an attacker controlling DNS responses (a spoofed response, or a malicious or hijacked upstream DNS server) has roughly 2^32 distinct (type, class) pairs to choose from. A single response of a few hundred kilobytes carrying tens of thousands of distinct unknown types permanently grows process memory by tens of megabytes; repeated responses accumulate without bound and are never reclaimed by garbage collection, because the constant keeps each class alive. Any code path that calls Resolv::DNS::Message.decode on attacker-influenced DNS responses is affected. resolv is a default gem, and thus this is reachable from a plain Ruby installation without any additional dependency."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T14:15:04.403Z",
"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"shortName": "mitre"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/ruby/resolv"
},
{
"url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2026/08/27/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-resolv/"
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "CVE-Request-form 0.0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-80212",
"datePublished": "2026-08-27T14:15:04.403Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-26T01:42:16.295Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T19:33:58.773Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-80179 (GCVE-0-2026-80179)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 21:14 – Updated: 2026-08-31 20:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Jwcrypto: jwcrypto: denial of service via malformed jwe tokens
Summary
A flaw was found in jwcrypto. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted JSON Web Encryption (JWE) token containing numerous period delimiters. This malformed token can force the JWE.deserialize() function to allocate excessive memory, leading to a MemoryError. This issue results in a denial of service (DoS) for services that process untrusted JWE values.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 15:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-80179 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2524147 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/latchset/jwcrypto/security/adv… |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2
|
Date Public
2026-08-26 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-80179",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-28T15:33:23.609206Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T15:34:24.662Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/latchset/jwcrypto/security/advisories/GHSA-96rv-c4vc-h4f4"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-24/controller-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-24/lightspeed-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-25/controller-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-25/gateway-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-25/lightspeed-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-26/controller-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-26/gateway-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-26/lightspeed-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-27/gateway-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-27/lightspeed-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "automation-controller",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "python3.11-jwcrypto",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "python3.12-jwcrypto",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "python-jwcrypto",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "python-jwcrypto",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhoai/odh-feature-server-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhoai/odh-kserve-storage-initializer-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-mistral-executor",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-nova-api",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-nova-compute-ironic",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-novajoin-base",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-novajoin-notifier",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-novajoin-server",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-tempest",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhosp-rhel8/openstack-tripleoclient",
"product": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw was found in jwcrypto. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted JSON Web Encryption (JWE) token containing numerous period delimiters. This malformed token can force the JWE.deserialize() function to allocate excessive memory, leading to a MemoryError. This issue results in a denial of service (DoS) for services that process untrusted JWE values."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Moderate"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T20:46:57.454Z",
"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"shortName": "redhat"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-80179"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2524147",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2524147"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/latchset/jwcrypto/security/advisories/GHSA-96rv-c4vc-h4f4"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-25T21:54:19.613Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Jwcrypto: jwcrypto: denial of service via malformed jwe tokens",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-80179",
"datePublished": "2026-08-27T21:14:23.428Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-25T21:13:03.622Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T20:46:57.454Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-79921 (GCVE-0-2026-79921)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 20:24 – Updated: 2026-08-29 02:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
amqp091-go has a Potential Memory Exhaustion/Protocol Violation via Broker-Controlled Oversized Payload
Summary
amqp091-go is a Go AMQP 0.9.1 client. Before version 1.13.0, a compromised or malicious AMQP broker can force the client to allocate resources for and process content body frames that exceed the negotiated frame_max limit. This can lead to unexpected memory consumption or application-layer denial of service (DoS), bypassing the protocol's built-in framing constraints. Version 1.13.0 contains a fix. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-29 02:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/pull/353 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/commit/6be… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rabbitmq | amqp091-go |
Affected:
< 1.13.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-79921",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-29T02:50:10.896064Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-29T02:50:25.822Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "amqp091-go",
"vendor": "rabbitmq",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.13.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "amqp091-go is a Go AMQP 0.9.1 client. Before version 1.13.0, a compromised or malicious AMQP broker can force the client to allocate resources for and process content body frames that exceed the negotiated frame_max limit. This can lead to unexpected memory consumption or application-layer denial of service (DoS), bypassing the protocol\u0027s built-in framing constraints. Version 1.13.0 contains a fix. No known workarounds are available."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.9,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T20:24:58.115Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/security/advisories/GHSA-6c5v-hqjr-5xxp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/security/advisories/GHSA-6c5v-hqjr-5xxp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/pull/353",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/pull/353"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/commit/6beb7b51f59e46ddcf8066ad498dad32491d3be0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/commit/6beb7b51f59e46ddcf8066ad498dad32491d3be0"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/releases/tag/v1.13.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go/releases/tag/v1.13.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-6c5v-hqjr-5xxp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "amqp091-go has a Potential Memory Exhaustion/Protocol Violation via Broker-Controlled Oversized Payload"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-79921",
"datePublished": "2026-08-26T20:24:58.115Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-25T14:59:32.746Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-29T02:50:25.822Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-79661 (GCVE-0-2026-79661)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 11:33 – Updated: 2026-08-27 15:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ech0 before 4.7.3 Unauthenticated fav_count Modification
Summary
Ech0 through 4.5.6 registers the PUT /api/echo/like/:id endpoint on the public router group without authentication or rate limiting. Unauthenticated attackers can increment the fav_count counter of any echo (including private echoes) by supplying its UUID, which can be harvested from the public GET /api/echo/page feed. Repeated requests are accepted without deduplication, each triggering a database write and a four-key cache invalidation, allowing attackers to inflate popularity metrics and amplify load on the database and cache. Fixed in 4.7.3.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 15:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/security/advisor… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ech0-before-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-03 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-79661",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-27T15:09:14.373295Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T15:10:35.322Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/security/advisories/GHSA-pj6q-4vq4-r8cg"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:golang/github.com/lin-snow/Ech0",
"product": "Ech0",
"vendor": "lin-snow",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "4.7.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "4.7.3",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ech0:ech0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "4.7.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "adrgs"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "aisafe-bot"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Ech0 through 4.5.6 registers the PUT /api/echo/like/:id endpoint on the public router group without authentication or rate limiting. Unauthenticated attackers can increment the fav_count counter of any echo (including private echoes) by supplying its UUID, which can be harvested from the public GET /api/echo/page feed. Repeated requests are accepted without deduplication, each triggering a database write and a four-key cache invalidation, allowing attackers to inflate popularity metrics and amplify load on the database and cache. Fixed in 4.7.3."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T11:33:25.369Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-pj6q-4vq4-r8cg)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/security/advisories/GHSA-pj6q-4vq4-r8cg"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Ech0 before 4.7.3 Unauthenticated fav_count Modification",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ech0-before-unauthenticated-fav-count-modification"
}
],
"title": "Ech0 before 4.7.3 Unauthenticated fav_count Modification",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-79661",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T11:33:25.369Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-25T11:09:11.171Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T15:10:35.322Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation MIT-38.1
Architecture and Design
Implementation
- If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Mitigation MIT-47
Operation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Resource Limitation
- Use quotas or other resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available. However, these functions are not available on all operating systems.
- When the current levels get close to the maximum that is defined for the application (see CWE-770), then limit the allocation of further resources to privileged users; alternately, begin releasing resources for less-privileged users. While this mitigation may protect the system from attack, it will not necessarily stop attackers from adversely impacting other users.
- Ensure that the application performs the appropriate error checks and error handling in case resources become unavailable (CWE-703).
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
CAPEC-229: Serialized Data Parameter Blowup
This attack exploits certain serialized data parsers (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) which manage data in an inefficient manner. The attacker crafts an serialized data file with multiple configuration parameters in the same dataset. In a vulnerable parser, this results in a denial of service condition where CPU resources are exhausted because of the parsing algorithm. The weakness being exploited is tied to parser implementation and not language specific.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.
CAPEC-469: HTTP DoS
An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.
CAPEC-482: TCP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the TCP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service. These attacks exploit the weakness within the TCP protocol where there is some state information for the connection the server needs to maintain. This often involves the use of TCP SYN messages.
CAPEC-486: UDP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the UDP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. Additionally, firewalls often open a port for each UDP connection destined for a service with an open UDP port, meaning the firewalls in essence save the connection state thus the high packet nature of a UDP flood can also overwhelm resources allocated to the firewall. UDP attacks can also target services like DNS or VoIP which utilize these protocols. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the UDP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-487: ICMP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the ICMP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. A typical attack involves a victim server receiving ICMP packets at a high rate from a wide range of source addresses. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the ICMP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-488: HTTP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the HTTP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming resources at the application layer such as web services and their infrastructure. These attacks use legitimate session-based HTTP GET requests designed to consume large amounts of a server's resources. Since these are legitimate sessions this attack is very difficult to detect.
CAPEC-489: SSL Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the SSL protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming all the available resources on the server side. These attacks take advantage of the asymmetric relationship between the processing power used by the client and the processing power used by the server to create a secure connection. In this manner the attacker can make a large number of HTTPS requests on a low provisioned machine to tie up a disproportionately large number of resources on the server. The clients then continue to keep renegotiating the SSL connection. When multiplied by a large number of attacking machines, this attack can result in a crash or loss of service to legitimate users.
CAPEC-490: Amplification
An adversary may execute an amplification where the size of a response is far greater than that of the request that generates it. The goal of this attack is to use a relatively few resources to create a large amount of traffic against a target server. To execute this attack, an adversary send a request to a 3rd party service, spoofing the source address to be that of the target server. The larger response that is generated by the 3rd party service is then sent to the target server. By sending a large number of initial requests, the adversary can generate a tremendous amount of traffic directed at the target. The greater the discrepancy in size between the initial request and the final payload delivered to the target increased the effectiveness of this attack.
CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion
An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. CAPEC-197 is a similar attack pattern, but it is easier to discover and defend against. This attack pattern does not perform multi-level substitution and therefore does not obviously appear to consume extensive resources.
CAPEC-493: SOAP Array Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a web service that uses SOAP messages in communication. By sending a very large SOAP array declaration to the web service, the attacker forces the web service to allocate space for the array elements before they are parsed by the XML parser. The attacker message is typically small in size containing a large array declaration of say 1,000,000 elements and a couple of array elements. This attack targets exhaustion of the memory resources of the web service.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-528: XML Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using XML messages with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a web service. These attacks are accomplished by sending a large number of XML based requests and letting the service attempt to parse each one. In many cases this type of an attack will result in a XML Denial of Service (XDoS) due to an application becoming unstable, freezing, or crashing.