Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-407
Allowed-with-ReviewInefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
260 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-81722 (GCVE-0-2026-81722)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-27 17:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nltk PorterStemmer before 3.10.3 Quadratic-time DoS
Summary
nltk PorterStemmer in versions <= 3.10.2 (fixed in 3.10.3) contains an inefficient-algorithmic-complexity denial of service in PorterStemmer.stem(). The _is_consonant() helper walks backward over the entire run of trailing 'y' characters on every call, and _measure() invokes it for each stem position, causing O(n^2) behavior. A single ~20-50 KB untrusted token consisting of a long run of the letter 'y' followed by a matching suffix (e.g., 'ness') can pin a CPU core for seconds to minutes, causing availability impact.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 17:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-porters… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-77831 (GCVE-0-2026-77831)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-30 00:18 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Algorithmic-complexity denial of service in AshPaperTrail full-diff list tracking
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in ash-project ash_paper_trail allows a user who can submit a large array attribute to a paper-trailed create or update action to cause a denial of service through excessive CPU and memory use.
With full-diff change tracking, AshPaperTrail.ChangeBuilders.FullDiff.ListChange pairs each prior array element against the new list by rebuilding the remaining-elements accumulator with acc ++ [tuple] on every step, copying the growing list each time, so the pairing scales cubically in the array length. Nothing bounds the length and the value comes straight from action input, so one request carrying a large accepted {:array, _} attribute forces tens of seconds of CPU and multi-gigabyte allocations.
This issue affects ash_paper_trail: from 0.1.1 before 0.7.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 14:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_paper_trail/se… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-77831.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-77831 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_paper_trail/co… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash_paper_trail |
Affected:
0.1.1 , < 0.7.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_paper_trail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| ash-project | ash_paper_trail |
Affected:
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(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_paper_trail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-77680 (GCVE-0-2026-77680)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 20:36 – Updated: 2026-08-26 12:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libsoup3: libsoup: quadratic cpu denial of service in http range coalescing after cve-2025-32907 fix
Summary
An algorithmic complexity flaw exists in libsoup's HTTP Range header processing that persists after the CVE-2025-32907 fix.
CVE-2025-32907 addressed memory amplification when a client repeated the same range many times in a single Range header. Commit 9bb92f7a corrected merge correctness in soup_message_headers_get_ranges_internal() in libsoup/soup-message-headers.c, but the coalescing loop still removes merged ranges using g_array_remove_index() for each coalesced element. Because GArray is contiguous, each mid-array removal performs an O(N) memmove. When many identical satisfiable ranges are supplied (for example bytes=0-0 repeated thousands of times), the loop performs O(N²) work coalescing them into a single range.
The vulnerable path is reachable server-side from handle_partial_get() in libsoup/server/http1/soup-server-message-io-http1.c when a SoupServer handler returns HTTP 200 with a non-empty body. No authentication is required. The number of ranges is bounded only by the maximum request header size (~100 KiB), allowing roughly 25,000 ranges per request. Reporter measurements on libsoup HEAD containing the CVE-2025-32907 fix show ~90 ms single-core CPU per such request at the wire maximum, blocking the server's event loop for that duration.
This is a CPU exhaustion / availability issue only. No memory corruption or information disclosure occurs.
Affected: libsoup versions containing the CVE-2025-32907 fix but not merge request !550.
Fixed upstream: MR !550 merged 2026-08-20, replacing per-element removal with O(N) in-place compaction and rejecting Range headers requesting more than 200 ranges.
Upstream report: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libsoup/-/issues/538
Related: CVE-2025-32907
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 12:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32907 | technical-descriptionx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-77680 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2520892 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libsoup/-/issues/538 | |
| https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libsoup/-/merge_re… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
Date Public
2026-08-21 00:00
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CVE-2026-76401 (GCVE-0-2026-76401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:35 – Updated: 2026-08-20 15:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Regular Expression Denial of Service (DoS) through the REST API in Splunk Connect for Kafka
Summary
In Splunk Connect for Kafka versions below 2.2.7, an unauthenticated user who can reach the Kafka Connect Representational State Transfer (REST) API could configure timestamp extraction with a crafted regular expression and matching event data to block a Kafka Connect worker thread, stopping event delivery for the affected connector. The vulnerability is possible because timestamp extraction evaluates customer-supplied regular expressions without a time limit. For more information see Install Splunk Connect for Kafka (https://help.splunk.com/en/data-management/integrate-data-with-add-ons/splunk-connect-for-kafka/2.2/install/install-splunk-connect-for-kafka) and Data ingestion parameters for Splunk Connect for Kafka (https://help.splunk.com/en/data-management/integrate-data-with-add-ons/splunk-connect-for-kafka/2.2/overview/data-ingestion-parameters-for-splunk-connect-for-kafka) in the Splunk documentation.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 15:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Connect for Kafka |
Affected:
2.2 , < 2.2.7
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
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CVE-2026-75596 (GCVE-0-2026-75596)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 20:56 – Updated: 2026-08-20 19:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netty: Fragmented ClientHello records trigger quadratic pre-handshake reassembly in default SNI parsing
Summary
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.1.137.Final and 4.2.17.Final, the default io.netty.handler.ssl.SniHandler constructors use the pre-handshake ClientHello aggregation path in handler/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/ssl/SslClientHelloHandler.java at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslClientHelloHandler#decode, where handshakeBuffer.clear() and writeBytes() recopy all previously received body bytes for every additional TLS record. An unauthenticated remote peer can advertise a large ClientHello and deliver its body in thousands of tiny records, causing quadratic CPU work on the event loop before the TLS handshake completes and degrading TLS handling for other clients. This issue is fixed in versions 4.1.137.Final and 4.2.17.Final.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 19:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/17213 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/17217 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/1b5abc6443b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/9e051923910… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/netty/netty/releases/tag/netty… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-75005 (GCVE-0-2026-75005)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 09:15 – Updated: 2026-08-27 12:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache APISIX: Unauthenticated CPU-exhaustion DoS
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
A single small request can pin a gateway worker at 100% CPU for an extended period in graphql-limit-count routes.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: 3.17.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 12:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/wfs7c9l8sokrh9hzv… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache APISIX |
Affected:
3.17.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-73643 (GCVE-0-2026-73643)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 17:47 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
js-yaml: Exponential parsing time in the flow collections leads to denial of service
Summary
js-yaml is a JavaScript YAML parser and dumper. From 5.0.0 until 5.2.2, parsing a small YAML document can take exponential time when an application calls load() or loadAll() on untrusted input. In src/parser/parser.ts, readFlowCollection uses restoreState and calls parseNode a second time when a flow-sequence entry is recognized as a key: value pair. If the key is a nested flow sequence of the same shape, every level is parsed twice, causing O(2^n) work and allowing an input under 200 bytes to keep one CPU busy for minutes, block the Node.js event loop, and stall the process. No anchors, aliases, merges, tags, or nondefault options are required. This issue is fixed in version 5.2.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 16:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/3e5240f9… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-73413 (GCVE-0-2026-73413)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 19:40 – Updated: 2026-08-13 14:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Shescape: Quadratic-time denial of service in flag-protection
Summary
Shescape is a simple shell escape library for JavaScript. From 2.1.11 until 2.1.14 and 3.0.1, the flag-protection loop in compose in src/internal/compose.js repeatedly joins and slices flag fragments when flagProtection is enabled, which is the default, making processing quadratic in input size across the escape, escapeAll, quote, and quoteAll APIs. An attacker who can supply a large untrusted input containing many flag fragments can consume CPU and cause denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 2.1.14 and 3.0.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 14:17 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/2649 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/pull/2651 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ericcornelissen | shescape |
Affected:
>= 2.1.11, < 2.1.14
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.1 |
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CVE-2026-72685 (GCVE-0-2026-72685)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 19:10 – Updated: 2026-08-13 20:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
A flaw in Elasticsearch allows a low-privileged authenticated user who can index documents to submit a single small document containing a crafted user-supplied input. Processing one such document occupies a worker thread from a bounded pool for a disproportionate amount of time, degrading the availability of indexing operations on the affected node.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 20:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
8.0.0 , ≤ 8.19.19
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.4.4 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-72663 (GCVE-0-2026-72663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 19:13 – Updated: 2026-08-13 20:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Kibana Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity (CWE-407) in Kibana can lead to denial of service via Input Data Manipulation (CAPEC-153). A specially crafted, deeply nested expression submitted to a Kibana TSVB visualization is evaluated with a worst-case cost that grows disproportionately with the size of the input. Because the evaluation runs synchronously, a single request consumes the Kibana request-processing thread indefinitely, and Kibana stops responding to all further requests until the service is restarted.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 20:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
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1 reference
Impacted products
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"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T19:13:03.935Z",
"orgId": "271b6943-45a9-4f3a-ab4e-976f3fa05b5a",
"shortName": "elastic"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-19-20-and-9-4-5-security-update-esa-2026-104/389520"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "Elastic"
},
"title": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Kibana Leading to Denial of Service",
"x_generator": {
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}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "271b6943-45a9-4f3a-ab4e-976f3fa05b5a",
"assignerShortName": "elastic",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-72663",
"datePublished": "2026-08-13T19:13:03.935Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-10T11:17:45.102Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T20:30:35.109Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.