Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-470

Allowed

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

214 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-106510 (GCVE-0-2026-106510)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 14:36 – Updated: 2026-10-07 17:15
VLAI
Title
Backstage: Remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in TechDocs mkdocs.yml
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package is affected by remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in techdocs mkdocs.yml. An authenticated user who can register catalog entities can provide a crafted mkdocs.yml causing arbitrary OS command execution on the TechDocs build host when the docs are built. This issue is fixed in versions 1.14.6 and 1.15.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 17:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-183 - Permissive List of Allowed Inputs
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
backstage backstage Affected: < 1.50.5
Affected: >= 1.51.0-next.0, < 1.54.6
Create a notification for this product.
@backstage plugin-techdocs-node Affected: < 1.14.6
Affected: >= 1.15.0, < 1.15.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-106510",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-07T17:13:13.346488Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T17:15:43.410Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "backstage",
          "vendor": "backstage",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.50.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.51.0-next.0, \u003c 1.54.6"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "plugin-techdocs-node",
          "vendor": "@backstage",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.14.6"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.15.0, \u003c 1.15.4"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package is affected by remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in techdocs mkdocs.yml. An authenticated user who can register catalog entities can provide a crafted mkdocs.yml causing arbitrary OS command execution on the TechDocs build host when the docs are built. This issue is fixed in versions 1.14.6 and 1.15.4."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 7.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-183",
              "description": "CWE-183: Permissive List of Allowed Inputs",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T14:36:53.929Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/advisories/GHSA-4488-j8vj-vqqv",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/advisories/GHSA-4488-j8vj-vqqv"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/02cd7cdbb18b687446277b5602adaee7f1d53cbb",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/02cd7cdbb18b687446277b5602adaee7f1d53cbb"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/a900a9953c8f7ad3ba1906d1d257725a9996cc9d",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/a900a9953c8f7ad3ba1906d1d257725a9996cc9d"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.50.5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.50.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.54.6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.54.6"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-4488-j8vj-vqqv",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Backstage: Remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in TechDocs mkdocs.yml"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-106510",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-07T14:36:53.929Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-06T18:46:47.767Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T17:15:43.410Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-106440 (GCVE-0-2026-106440)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 18:51 – Updated: 2026-10-09 01:39
VLAI
Title
Hydra: Optuna custom_search_space can resolve and execute untrusted callables via get_method
Summary
Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. From 1.2.0 until 1.3.0 and 1.4.0.dev10, the hydra-optuna-sweeper package accepts a configuration-controlled dotted path in hydra.sweeper.custom_search_space, resolves it with hydra.utils.get_method(), and later invokes the returned callable in the Hydra controller process. Because get_method() is a trusted-input lookup helper and does not apply the execution policy used by instantiate(), an attacker who controls Optuna sweep configuration or command-line overrides can select importable Python code for execution with the application's privileges, including bypassing a trusted execution whitelist on affected Hydra 1.4 development releases. This issue is fixed in versions 1.3.0 and 1.4.0.dev10.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 01:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hydra-ecosystem hydra Affected: >= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0
Affected: >= 1.4.0.dev4, < 1.4.0.dev10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-106440",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-09T01:39:29.434404Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T01:39:38.611Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "hydra",
          "vendor": "hydra-ecosystem",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.2.0, \u003c 1.3.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.4.0.dev4, \u003c 1.4.0.dev10"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. From 1.2.0 until 1.3.0 and 1.4.0.dev10, the hydra-optuna-sweeper package accepts a configuration-controlled dotted path in hydra.sweeper.custom_search_space, resolves it with hydra.utils.get_method(), and later invokes the returned callable in the Hydra controller process. Because get_method() is a trusted-input lookup helper and does not apply the execution policy used by instantiate(), an attacker who controls Optuna sweep configuration or command-line overrides can select importable Python code for execution with the application\u0027s privileges, including bypassing a trusted execution whitelist on affected Hydra 1.4 development releases. This issue is fixed in versions 1.3.0 and 1.4.0.dev10."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T18:51:37.549Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-5jjj-9xc3-rm56",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-5jjj-9xc3-rm56"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/0dd18084589a3d3e577d1f1a8a48fb485c94a5e6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/0dd18084589a3d3e577d1f1a8a48fb485c94a5e6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/4720dfca2bde27fa140ec287a05709668fbdf168",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/4720dfca2bde27fa140ec287a05709668fbdf168"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/releases/tag/v1.3.7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/releases/tag/v1.3.7"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-5jjj-9xc3-rm56",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Hydra: Optuna custom_search_space can resolve and execute untrusted callables via get_method"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-106440",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-06T18:51:37.549Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-06T16:49:40.590Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T01:39:38.611Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-106439 (GCVE-0-2026-106439)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 18:49 – Updated: 2026-10-06 19:48
VLAI
Title
Hydra: Mutable instantiate policy sets allow target blocklist bypass
Summary
Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. From 1.3.4 until 1.3.7 and 1.4.0.dev10, Hydra stores legacy instantiate target blocklists and related execution-policy collections in mutable module-level state. An attacker who controls multiple sibling target entries can resolve hydra._internal.target_policy.UNCONTROLLED_EXECUTION_TARGETS.discard through instantiate(), remove a denied target, and then invoke that target because sibling nodes are processed in insertion order against the same modified policy. The mutation persists in process-global state and can enable code execution with the application's privileges, while a narrow execution whitelist supplied by trusted Python code is not bypassed by the reported direct mutation path. This issue is fixed in versions 1.3.7 and 1.4.0.dev10.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 19:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hydra-ecosystem hydra Affected: >= 1.3.4, < 1.3.7
Affected: >= 1.4.0.dev4, < 1.4.0.dev10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-106439",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-06T19:48:26.207340Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T19:48:45.736Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-mwj6-rfh8-7qf4"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "hydra",
          "vendor": "hydra-ecosystem",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.3.4, \u003c 1.3.7"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.4.0.dev4, \u003c 1.4.0.dev10"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. From 1.3.4 until 1.3.7 and 1.4.0.dev10, Hydra stores legacy instantiate target blocklists and related execution-policy collections in mutable module-level state. An attacker who controls multiple sibling target entries can resolve hydra._internal.target_policy.UNCONTROLLED_EXECUTION_TARGETS.discard through instantiate(), remove a denied target, and then invoke that target because sibling nodes are processed in insertion order against the same modified policy. The mutation persists in process-global state and can enable code execution with the application\u0027s privileges, while a narrow execution whitelist supplied by trusted Python code is not bypassed by the reported direct mutation path. This issue is fixed in versions 1.3.7 and 1.4.0.dev10."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 8.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-693",
              "description": "CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T18:49:12.110Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-mwj6-rfh8-7qf4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security/advisories/GHSA-mwj6-rfh8-7qf4"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/0dd18084589a3d3e577d1f1a8a48fb485c94a5e6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/0dd18084589a3d3e577d1f1a8a48fb485c94a5e6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/4720dfca2bde27fa140ec287a05709668fbdf168",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/4720dfca2bde27fa140ec287a05709668fbdf168"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/releases/tag/v1.3.7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/releases/tag/v1.3.7"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-mwj6-rfh8-7qf4",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Hydra: Mutable instantiate policy sets allow target blocklist bypass"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-106439",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-06T18:49:12.110Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-06T16:49:40.590Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T19:48:45.736Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-105782 (GCVE-0-2026-105782)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 23:08 – Updated: 2026-10-06 13:44
VLAI
Title
Scrapy: Arbitrary Module Import via Referrer-Policy Header in RefererMiddleware
Summary
Scrapy is a high-level web crawling and scraping framework for Python. From 1.4.0 until 2.14.2, RefererMiddleware in scrapy/spidermiddlewares/referer.py treated a Referrer-Policy response-header value that resembled a Python import path as a referrer policy class, imported the referenced object, and called it. A malicious website could supply a callable such as sys.exit and terminate a crawler processing the response. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 13:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7675 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
scrapy scrapy Affected: >= 1.4.0, < 2.14.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-105782",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-06T13:40:40.903121Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:44:10.445Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "scrapy",
          "vendor": "scrapy",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 1.4.0, \u003c 2.14.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Scrapy is a high-level web crawling and scraping framework for Python. From 1.4.0 until 2.14.2, RefererMiddleware in scrapy/spidermiddlewares/referer.py treated a Referrer-Policy response-header value that resembled a Python import path as a referrer policy class, imported the referenced object, and called it. A malicious website could supply a callable such as sys.exit and terminate a crawler processing the response. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.2."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T23:08:55.749Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/security/advisories/GHSA-cwxj-rr6w-m6w7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/security/advisories/GHSA-cwxj-rr6w-m6w7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/commit/945b787a263586cb5803c01c6da57daad8997ae5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/commit/945b787a263586cb5803c01c6da57daad8997ae5"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/commit/b6e5c58ae707a3d4bb491537b5519534050047e0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/commit/b6e5c58ae707a3d4bb491537b5519534050047e0"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/releases/tag/2.14.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/releases/tag/2.14.2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-cwxj-rr6w-m6w7",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Scrapy: Arbitrary Module Import via Referrer-Policy Header in RefererMiddleware"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-105782",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-05T23:08:55.749Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-05T20:37:19.362Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:44:10.445Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-105064 (GCVE-0-2026-105064)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 08:59 – Updated: 2026-10-05 14:55 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WordPress Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) plugin <= 2.0.22 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Unlimited Elements Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) unlimited-elements-for-elementor allows Parameter Injection.This issue affects Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates): from n/a through 2.0.22.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 13:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 2864 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-05 08:58
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-105064",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-05T13:56:57.333695Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T14:55:00.384Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "unlimited-elements-for-elementor",
          "product": "Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates)",
          "vendor": "Unlimited Elements",
          "versions": [
            {
              "changes": [
                {
                  "at": "2.0.23",
                  "status": "unaffected"
                }
              ],
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.0.22",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Ayukiab | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-10-05T08:58:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027) vulnerability in Unlimited Elements Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) unlimited-elements-for-elementor allows Parameter Injection.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates): from n/a through 2.0.22.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027) vulnerability in Unlimited Elements Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) unlimited-elements-for-elementor allows Parameter Injection.This issue affects Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates): from n/a through 2.0.22."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-137",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Parameter Injection"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T08:59:15.782Z",
        "orgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
        "shortName": "Patchstack"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/unlimited-elements-for-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-unlimited-elements-for-elementor-free-widgets-addons-templates-plugin-2-0-22-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Update the WordPress Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) plugin to the latest available version (at least 2.0.23)."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Update the WordPress Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) plugin to the latest available version (at least 2.0.23)."
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "x_open-source"
      ],
      "title": "WordPress Unlimited Elements For Elementor (Free Widgets, Addons, Templates) plugin \u003c= 2.0.22 - Broken Access Control vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
    "assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-105064",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-05T08:59:15.782Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-03T00:17:03.678Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T14:55:00.384Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-104629 (GCVE-0-2026-104629)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 13:58 – Updated: 2026-10-09 16:46
VLAI
Title
Grid Protection Alliance openPDC and openHistorian Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Summary
A component loading mechanism in openPDC and openHistorian will construct and run any specified type, which may be an invalid component to load. An attacker with an authenticated user account and the ability to place a file on the host filesystem can use this to run arbitrary constructor code, and this code runs with the privileges of the affected service account.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 16:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 342 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Grid Protection Alliance openPDC Affected: 0 , < 2.9.477 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2.9.482 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.9.482
Create a notification for this product.
Grid Protection Alliance openPDC (Docker image) Affected: 0 , < 2.9.477 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2.9.482 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Grid Protection Alliance openHistorian Affected: 0 , < 2.8.580 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2.8.585 (custom)
Unaffected: 2.8.585
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-104629",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-09T16:16:15.330350Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T16:46:14.619Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "openPDC",
          "vendor": "Grid Protection Alliance",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.9.477",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.9.482",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "2.9.482"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "openPDC (Docker image)",
          "vendor": "Grid Protection Alliance",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.9.477",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.9.482",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "openHistorian",
          "vendor": "Grid Protection Alliance",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.8.580",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.8.585",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "2.8.585"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Shubham Raj (Cipher) of Causal Security reported this vulnerability to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "A component loading mechanism in openPDC and openHistorian will construct and run any specified type, which may be an invalid component to load. An attacker with an authenticated user account and the ability to place a file on the host filesystem can use this to run arbitrary constructor code, and this code runs with the privileges of the affected service account."
            }
          ],
          "value": "A component loading mechanism in openPDC and openHistorian will construct and run any specified type, which may be an invalid component to load. An attacker with an authenticated user account and the ability to place a file on the host filesystem can use this to run arbitrary constructor code, and this code runs with the privileges of the affected service account."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T13:58:21.233Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-281-02"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-281-02.json"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Grid Protection Alliance has added additional verification and integrity checks of adapters in openPDC version 2.9.477 and later and openHistorian version 2.8.580 and later."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Grid Protection Alliance has added additional verification and integrity checks of adapters in openPDC version 2.9.477 and later and openHistorian version 2.8.580 and later."
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-26-281-02",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Grid Protection Alliance openPDC and openHistorian Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Grid Protection Alliance does not recommend production use of published Docker images in any case. The fix for this vulnerability has not been published to the Docker image."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Grid Protection Alliance does not recommend production use of published Docker images in any case. The fix for this vulnerability has not been published to the Docker image."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.5"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-104629",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-09T13:58:21.233Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-05T16:54:01.635Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T16:46:14.619Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-102580 (GCVE-0-2026-102580)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 08:36 – Updated: 2026-09-30 14:35
VLAI
Title
Moodle: arbitrary class instantiation via report builder audience classname
Summary
A flaw was found in Moodle. An authenticated attacker can supply an improperly validated audience class name to the Report Builder component, allowing arbitrary class instantiation. This vulnerability enables the unauthorized creation of internal program objects, which may result in unexpected application behavior.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
fedora CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 69/100 over 34 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 5.2.0 , < 5.2.2 (semver)
Affected: 5.1.0 , < 5.1.6 (semver)
Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.0.9 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 4.5.13 (semver)
Date Public
2026-09-29 20:17
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-102580",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-30T14:35:40.489112Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-30T14:35:56.069Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://git.moodle.org",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "moodle",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "5.2.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.1.6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.1.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.0.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.13",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upstream acknowledges Paul Holden as the original reporter."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-09-29T20:17:12.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A flaw was found in Moodle. An authenticated attacker can supply an improperly validated audience class name to the Report Builder component, allowing arbitrary class instantiation. This vulnerability enables the unauthorized creation of internal program objects, which may result in unexpected application behavior."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
              "value": "Low"
            },
            "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 2.2,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-30T08:36:06.234Z",
        "orgId": "92fb86c3-55a5-4fb5-9c3f-4757b9e96dc5",
        "shortName": "fedora"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-89078"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-102580"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHBZ#2543635",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2543635"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=482498"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-09T13:08:58.000Z",
          "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-29T20:17:12.000Z",
          "value": "Made public."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Moodle: arbitrary class instantiation via report builder audience classname",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      },
      "x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "92fb86c3-55a5-4fb5-9c3f-4757b9e96dc5",
    "assignerShortName": "fedora",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-102580",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-30T08:36:06.234Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-29T14:03:38.493Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-30T14:35:56.069Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-102094 (GCVE-0-2026-102094)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 20:07 – Updated: 2026-10-01 13:37
VLAI
Title
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway unsafe reflection
Summary
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway before version 9.5.0 is vulnerable to Unsafe Reflection and does not sufficiently restrict the code that the mail-processing pipeline could load from an imported rule configuration. An authenticated administrator with mail-rule configuration privileges could cause the gateway to load and execute code beyond the approved set of mail-processing components, potentially in the context of the mail-gateway service account.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 13:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
cisa-cg CNA under the CISA root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 127 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway Affected: 0 , < 9.5.0 (custom)
Unaffected: 9.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-102094",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-01T13:25:06.751129Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T13:37:09.092Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "Email Protection Gateway",
          "vendor": "Kiteworks",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "9.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "9.5.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway before version 9.5.0 is vulnerable to Unsafe Reflection and does not sufficiently restrict the code that the mail-processing pipeline could load from an imported rule configuration. An authenticated administrator with mail-rule configuration privileges could cause the gateway to load and execute code beyond the approved set of mail-processing components, potentially in the context of the mail-gateway service account."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470 Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-30T20:07:06.939Z",
        "orgId": "9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725",
        "shortName": "cisa-cg"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "url",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/kiteworks/security-advisories/security/advisories/GHSA-9f5q-3c34-cpg8"
        },
        {
          "name": "url",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/VA/white/2026/va-26-274-01.json"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway unsafe reflection",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "VINCE-NT 1.15.0+build.145"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "9119a7d8-5eab-497f-8521-727c672e3725",
    "assignerShortName": "cisa-cg",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-102094",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-30T20:07:06.939Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-28T17:39:13.561Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T13:37:09.092Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-101292 (GCVE-0-2026-101292)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 12:44 – Updated: 2026-09-29 15:57
VLAI
Title
Artemis-core-client: unsafe reflection in apache activemq artemis federation message deserialization
Summary
Apache ActiveMQ Artemis before 2.34.0 contains an unsafe reflection vulnerability in FederationStreamConnectMessage.getFederationPolicy(). The method calls Class.forName(clazz).getConstructor().newInstance() where clazz is read directly from the CORE protocol wire buffer without type validation. An authenticated federation peer can send a FEDERATION_DOWNSTREAM_CONNECT packet with a crafted class name, causing the broker to load and instantiate arbitrary classes visible to the Artemis module classloader. Static initializers (<clinit>) and no-argument constructors (<init>()) execute as side effects before the type cast, enabling denial of service via system-property poisoning, out-of-memory conditions via classloading, or broker state manipulation.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 13:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 1011 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53644 technical-descriptionx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53806 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-101292 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482963 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4.25 Unaffected: 2.16.0.redhat-00057 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AMQ Broker 7     cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-11 05:51
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-101292",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-28T13:10:25.501009Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T13:10:33.668Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "org.apache.activemq/artemis-core-client",
          "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4.25",
          "vendor": "Red Hat",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "2.16.0.redhat-00057",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "artemis-core-client",
          "product": "Red Hat AMQ Broker 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "artemis-core-client",
          "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-11T05:51:26.659Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Apache ActiveMQ Artemis before 2.34.0 contains an unsafe reflection vulnerability in FederationStreamConnectMessage.getFederationPolicy(). The method calls Class.forName(clazz).getConstructor().newInstance() where clazz is read directly from the CORE protocol wire buffer without type validation. An authenticated federation peer can send a FEDERATION_DOWNSTREAM_CONNECT packet with a crafted class name, causing the broker to load and instantiate arbitrary classes visible to the Artemis module classloader. Static initializers (\u003cclinit\u003e) and no-argument constructors (\u003cinit\u003e()) execute as side effects before the type cast, enabling denial of service via system-property poisoning, out-of-memory conditions via classloading, or broker state manipulation."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
              "value": "Important"
            },
            "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T15:57:31.561Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "RHSA-2026:53644",
          "tags": [
            "technical-description",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53644"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHSA-2026:53806",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53806"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-101292"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHBZ#2482963",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482963"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-05-28T21:41:41.272Z",
          "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-08-11T05:51:26.659Z",
          "value": "Made public."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Artemis-core-client: unsafe reflection in apache activemq artemis federation message deserialization",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      },
      "x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-101292",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-28T12:44:28.269Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-28T12:37:20.491Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T15:57:31.561Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-100308 (GCVE-0-2026-100308)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 15:05 – Updated: 2026-09-30 15:28
VLAI
Title
GluonTS arbitrary command execution during model deserialization
Summary
Deserialization of untrusted data in the model loading component in Amazon GluonTS before 0.17.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands with the privileges of the loading process via a crafted serialized model directory. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.17.0 or later.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 15:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of untrusted data
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled input to select classes or code ('unsafe reflection')
Assigner
AMZN CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard A 94/100 over 134 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AWS gluonts Affected: 0 , < 0.17.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:aws:gluonts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-100308",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-30T15:21:05.992113Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-30T15:28:19.374Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "gluonts",
          "vendor": "AWS",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "0.17.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:aws:gluonts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "0.17.0",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Hasp Labs"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eDeserialization of untrusted data in the model loading component in Amazon GluonTS before 0.17.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands with the privileges of the loading process via a crafted serialized model directory.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.17.0 or later.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Deserialization of untrusted data in the model loading component in Amazon GluonTS before 0.17.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands with the privileges of the loading process via a crafted serialized model directory.\n\n\n\nTo remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.17.0 or later."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-586",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-586 Object Injection"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-138",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-138 Reflection Injection"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 8.4,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-502",
              "description": "CWE-502 Deserialization of untrusted data",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-470",
              "description": "CWE-470 Use of Externally-Controlled input to select classes or code (\u0027unsafe reflection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T15:06:51.945Z",
        "orgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
        "shortName": "AMZN"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch",
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/awslabs/gluonts/releases/tag/v0.17.0"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-119-aws/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/awslabs/gluonts/security/advisories/GHSA-64q6-5qv7-cwj9"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "GluonTS arbitrary command execution during model deserialization",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.5"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
    "assignerShortName": "AMZN",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-100308",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-29T15:05:53.802Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T18:56:15.457Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-30T15:28:19.374Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.

Mitigation
Implementation

Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.

CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection

An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.