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                "id": "CVE-2026-13481",
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The IEEE 1588 PTP management-message parser in subsys/net/lib/ptp/tlv.c mishandles the PTP_MGMT_TIME management id. In tlv_mgmt_post_recv(), the PTP_MGMT_TIME case casts mgmt_tlv-\u003edata to a 10-byte struct ptp_timestamp and reads it (then byte-swaps and writes it back) without first checking that the TLV data field is at least sizeof(struct ptp_timestamp). Every sibling management id in the same switch validates its length first; PTP_MGMT_TIME was the only case lacking that check.\n\nThe length passed in is the management data size (tlv-\u003elength - 2), and the upstream guard in ptp_tlv_post_recv() only requires tlv-\u003elength \u003e 2, while msg_tlv_post_recv() validates only that the TLV fits within the received byte count, not a per-id minimum. A peer on the local PTP segment can therefore send a PTP_MSG_MANAGEMENT message carrying a short PTP_MGMT_TIME TLV (data as small as 2 bytes), causing the parser to read and write 8 bytes beyond the validated data. The message type and TLV contents are taken straight off the wire, so the path is reachable by any adjacent attacker when CONFIG_PTP is enabled.\n\nThe over-read and write-back stay within the struct ptp_msg allocation (mgmt_tlv-\u003edata lives in the leading mtu[NET_ETH_MTU] union member, so data + 10 lands at most a few bytes past mtu[], inside the same object), so this is an out-of-bounds read of adjacent in-object memory plus a bounded in-place corruption of the message\u0027s parsed timestamp, not past-allocation memory corruption. Impact is limited to minor information exposure of adjacent bytes and corruption of the device\u0027s parsed management TIME value; there is no crash on the access and no reachable reference-count corruption.\n\nThe fix adds if (length \u003c sizeof(struct ptp_timestamp)) { return -EBADMSG; } before the cast, matching the other management-id cases and fully closing the receive-path defect."
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      "title": "Out-of-bounds read in PTP management TLV TIME parsing in Zephyr net PTP",
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                "id": "CVE-2026-13480",
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          "value": "The LoRaWAN TS004 Fragmented Data Block Transport handler frag_transport_package_callback() in subsys/lorawan/services/frag_transport.c parses downlink command bytes without validating that enough payload bytes remain before each access. The loop\u0027s only bound is rx_pos \u003c len; after consuming the one-byte command id the handler cast rx_buf + rx_pos to a 10-byte struct frag_transport_setup_req, and for a DATA_FRAGMENT command passed \u0026rx_buf[rx_pos] to the fragment decoder, which reads exactly ctx.frag_size bytes \u2014 with no remaining-length check in either case.\n\nThe fragment size is attacker-chosen in a preceding FRAG_SESSION_SETUP command (ctx.frag_size = req-\u003efrag_size, capped at CONFIG_LORAWAN_FRAG_TRANSPORT_MAX_FRAG_SIZE, default 232). rx_buf aliases the 255-byte static MacCtx.RxPayload buffer in the loramac-node MAC layer, while len is the actual decrypted payload length. By padding a downlink with mismatched-index DATA_FRAGMENT filler commands (each advancing rx_pos by three bytes without producing an answer) and appending one matching-index fragment near the end of the payload, an attacker can make the decoder read up to roughly frag_size bytes past the end of RxPayload, copying adjacent static memory into the decoder buffers and the FUOTA flash image.\n\nThe handler runs only on downlinks that have already passed the LoRaWAN frame MIC and FRMPayload decryption, so the defect is reachable only by a party holding the device\u0027s session keys (the FUOTA server or an attacker who has compromised those keys). The out-of-bounds bytes are never returned to the sender \u2014 the only uplink emitted is a status answer carrying fragment counts \u2014 so there is no direct disclosure channel, and on typical flat-memory LoRaWAN MCUs the over-read stays within mapped memory, making a crash unlikely. The impact is therefore a bounded out-of-bounds read with limited confidentiality consequence and no write or control-flow primitive. The fix adds remaining-length guards before each access."
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        {
          "name": "GHSA-845m-2m84-g5h2",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-845m-2m84-g5h2"
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      "title": "Out-of-bounds read in LoRaWAN fragmented data block transport (FUOTA) downlink handler",
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          "value": "The LoRaWAN application-layer clock-synchronization service parses downlinks in clock_sync_package_callback() (subsys/lorawan/services/clock_sync.c). Its command loop only guarantees that the one-byte command id is in bounds; for the CLOCK_SYNC_CMD_APP_TIME (AppTimeAns) command the handler then reads a 4-byte time correction via sys_get_le32() plus a 1-byte token without checking that 5 bytes remain in the receive buffer (len - rx_pos). A short or crafted AppTimeAns therefore reads up to 5 bytes past the end of the decrypted payload.\n\nThe payload (rx_buf/len) is the decrypted application frame delivered to the registered downlink callback (mcps_indication-\u003eBuffer/BufferSize). Reaching the handler requires a frame on the clock-sync port that passes LoRaWAN\u0027s MAC integrity check and FRMPayload decryption, so the practical attacker is a malicious or compromised network/application server (the designated sender of AppTimeAns) or a party holding the session keys, rather than an arbitrary radio listener.\n\nThe over-read is bounded: the backing store is a fixed 255-byte static buffer, so the few stray bytes do not fault, and the read values (time_correction, token) are used only internally and never transmitted, so there is no disclosure to the attacker and no crash. The sole effect is that a stale token matching ctx.req_token can apply a garbage time_correction to the device\u0027s own clock offset (ctx.time_offset), a minor integrity impact confined to the victim\u0027s time estimate. The fix adds an explicit length check that drops a too-short AppTimeAns. Note the sibling one-byte reads in the periodicity and force-resync handlers remain unguarded with the same negligible impact."
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          "name": "GHSA-2m6g-p3vx-p2fh",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-2m6g-p3vx-p2fh"
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      "title": "Out-of-bounds read in LoRaWAN clock-sync AppTimeAns downlink handler",
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          "value": "The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver validates the on-disk block bitmap in ext2_init_fs() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) by passing fs_blocks = s_blocks_count - s_first_data_block to ext2_bitmap_count_set(). That helper (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_bitmap.c) treats its argument as a number of bits and reads one bitmap byte per eight bits, but the bitmap buffer (BGROUP_BLOCK_BITMAP) is a single fetched block of only fs-\u003eblock_size bytes (capacity fs-\u003eblock_size * 8 bits). s_blocks_count and s_first_data_block are taken verbatim from the superblock and were never bounded against this single-group capacity; ext2_verify_disk_superblock() checks the magic, revision, and block-size shift but not the block count.\n\nA crafted ext2 image with an oversized s_blocks_count (up to ~4 billion, against a maximum 4096-byte block / 32768-bit bitmap) makes ext2_bitmap_count_set() scan roughly 512 MB of memory past the bitmap block \u2014 a large out-of-bounds read of the static block slab and adjacent memory.\n\nThe defect is reached during mount: ext2_init_fs() is invoked from ext2_mount() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_ops.c), the registered .mount operation. Any path that mounts an attacker-supplied ext2 image (removable media, a disk/flash partition, or a downloaded image) triggers it. The kernel-privileged parser operates on attacker-controlled data, so the bug is exploitable wherever untrusted ext2 media can be mounted.\n\nImpact is an out-of-bounds read only: the resulting bit count is compared internally and the mount is rejected, so no attacker-controlled bytes are returned (not a useful information leak). The ~512 MB over-read will almost certainly cross an unmapped or MPU-protected boundary and fault, crashing the system \u2014 a denial of service triggered by mounting a single malformed image. The fix rejects any image whose fs_blocks exceeds fs-\u003eblock_size * 8 before the scan."
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          "value": "The OCPP 1.6 client in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp.c reconstructs a session handle and PDU id from the uid field of a CALLRESULT message. In ocpp_process_server_msg() the code calls atoi(strtok_r(uid, \"-\", \u0026tmp)) without checking the strtok_r return value. When the server-supplied uid is empty or contains no - delimiter, strtok_r() returns NULL and atoi(NULL) dereferences a NULL pointer, which is undefined behaviour.\n\nThe uid originates from network data: parse_rpc_msg() in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c JSON-parses a frame received from the OCPP central system over TCP/WebSocket and copies the server-controlled string into the local buffer. A malicious or compromised central system, or a man-in-the-middle on a non-TLS ws:// connection, can return a malformed uid to reach the defect. No authentication beyond the existing server connection (or MITM position) is required, and the reconstructed pointer is membership-validated by ocpp_session_is_valid(), so the impact is limited to the NULL dereference rather than arbitrary pointer use.\n\nOn Zephyr targets that trap access to address 0 (MMU/MPU platforms or CONFIG_NULL_POINTER_EXCEPTION_DETECTION), the dereference faults inside the OCPP reader thread and invokes the fatal handler, producing a remote denial of service of the charge point; on bare targets where address 0 is readable the call returns 0 and is benign, so the impact is availability-only and platform-conditional.\n\nThe applied fix guards only the first atoi(); the second strtok_r(NULL, \"-\", \u0026tmp) followed by pdu = atoi(buf) in the same function remains unguarded and the identical NULL dereference is still reachable from the same network input when the uid has a first token but no second --delimited token. A complete fix should validate the second token as well."
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          "value": "The Linkable Loadable Extensions (llext) subsystem mis-handles PLT/RELA relocation entries when linking a relocatable (partially-linked) ELF extension. In llext_link_plt() (subsys/llext/llext_link.c), the relocatable branch (tgt != NULL, the path used for Xtensa relocatable objects) computed the patch address as ext-\u003emem[LLEXT_MEM_TEXT] - text.sh_offset + rela.r_offset + tgt-\u003esh_offset and then performed the relocation write there without validating rela.r_offset. Its sibling shared/dynamic branch already rejected out-of-range offsets via llext_file_offset().\n\nrela.r_offset is read directly from the ELF\u0027s RELA table, so a crafted entry with an offset larger than the target section makes the write land arbitrarily far outside the extension\u0027s text buffer. The result is an attacker-influenced out-of-bounds write (the location via r_offset, the written value being the resolved symbol address) performed in supervisor context at link time, before any extension code runs.\n\nThe path is reached from llext_load() whenever an application loads an attacker-influenced ELF extension on Xtensa with writable storage; llext is documented to accept extensions of untrusted origin. Impact is supervisor-context memory corruption (integrity and availability loss, and a sandbox-boundary escape for user-mode extensions). Exploitation is gated by the Xtensa relocatable PLT path and writable storage, and turning the out-of-range write into a useful primitive is non-trivial.\n\nThe fix adds a bound check rejecting any RELA entry whose r_offset \u003e= tgt-\u003esh_size, mirroring the existing validation in the shared branch."
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            {
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              "description": "bounds",
              "lang": "en",
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T04:55:15.620Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
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        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-xv9q-6mrf-8j49",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-xv9q-6mrf-8j49"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Out-of-bounds write in Xtensa llext PLT relocation from malformed ELF (CWE-787)",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-12235",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-06-15T01:56:05.689Z",
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    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-12234",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-12T12:35:19.953347Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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            "tags": [
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            "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-fcp3-vrr2-xfjv"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    ],
    "cna": {
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        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/net/lib/sockets/sockets.c"
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              "lessThan": "4.4.2",
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              "version": "2.3.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The userspace syscall verifiers z_vrfy_zsock_sendmsg() and z_vrfy_zsock_recvmsg() in subsys/net/lib/sockets/sockets.c snapshot the caller-supplied struct net_msghdr into a kernel-side copy with k_usermode_from_copy(), but then re-read the still-live user struct for subsequent decisions. The kernel iovec shadow buffer is sized from one read of msg-\u003emsg_iovlen, while the population loop is bounded by a second, live read of the same field.\n\nBecause msg points into ordinary user memory, a cooperating second thread in the same memory domain can inflate msg-\u003emsg_iovlen in the window between the sizing read and the loop test (a classic double-fetch / TOCTOU). The population loop then iterates past the number of net_iovec slots actually allocated, writing attacker-influenced iov_base/iov_len values beyond the end of the kernel-heap shadow buffer. The recvmsg verifier has the same defect on both its inbound and result write-back loops.\n\nThe code is reachable from an unprivileged user thread whenever CONFIG_USERSPACE is enabled and the zsock_sendmsg/zsock_recvmsg syscalls are available. A successful race corrupts kernel-managed heap memory across the user-to-kernel privilege boundary, yielding a local privilege-escalation primitive or, at minimum, a kernel-fault denial of service. The fix copies the header once and derives every size, bound, and gate from the snapshot, copying each iovec entry atomically so its base and length can no longer be raced apart."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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            "version": "3.1"
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-367",
              "description": "memory-safety",
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          ]
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
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          "name": "GHSA-fcp3-vrr2-xfjv",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-fcp3-vrr2-xfjv"
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      ],
      "title": "TOCTOU double-fetch in `zsock_sendmsg`/`recvmsg` userspace verifiers allows kernel-heap out-of-bounds write",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-06-15T01:56:04.220Z",
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