Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Allowed-with-Review

Out-of-bounds Write

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

16444 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-112060 (GCVE-0-2026-112060)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 12:19 – Updated: 2026-10-18 12:19
VLAI
Title
librtmp (RTMPDump) through 2.6 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via AMF3_Decode
Summary
librtmp in RTMPDump through 2.6 contains an out-of-bounds read and heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability because AMF3_Decode ignores AMF3 property decode failures. Malicious RTMP servers or man-in-the-middle attackers can send oversized AMF3 string lengths, and with the token option DecodeTEA corrupts heap memory and leaks heap bytes.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RTMPDump librtmp Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-17 18:49
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-112059 (GCVE-0-2026-112059)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 12:19 – Updated: 2026-10-18 12:19 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
libLAS through 1.8.1 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via LASSchema VLR
Summary
libLAS through 1.8.1 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the point record reader caused by truncating the schema byte size to 16 bits when sizing the point buffer. Attackers can craft a .las file with a LASSchema variable length record whose schema exceeds 65535 bytes, so tools like lasinfo, las2las, or las2txt write attacker-controlled bytes past the heap buffer, causing memory corruption and crashes.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
libLAS libLAS Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.8.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:liblas:liblas:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-17 17:52
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-112018 (GCVE-0-2026-112018)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 11:38 – Updated: 2026-10-18 11:38
VLAI
Title
cgltf through 1.15 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via cgltf_accessor_unpack_floats()
Summary
cgltf through 1.15 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in cgltf_accessor_unpack_floats() that allows attackers to write outside the output buffer via unchecked sparse accessor indices. Attackers can supply a crafted glTF or GLB file with large sparse indices to corrupt heap memory, crash applications, and potentially execute code when cgltf_validate() is not called.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jkuhlmann cgltf Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.15 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-16 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-112012 (GCVE-0-2026-112012)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 11:38 – Updated: 2026-10-18 11:38
VLAI
Title
libtta through 2.3 Stack Out-of-Bounds Write via Zero Channel Count
Summary
libtta through 2.3 contains a stack out-of-bounds read and write vulnerability in tta_decoder_process_stream() and tta_decoder_process_frame() because header checks never reject a zero channel count. Attackers can supply a crafted .tta file declaring zero channels so decorrelation accesses cache[-1] with stream-derived values, corrupting stack memory in decoding applications.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
True Audio libtta Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-17 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-112007 (GCVE-0-2026-112007)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 11:38 – Updated: 2026-10-18 11:38
VLAI
Title
Schism Tracker through 20260524 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via ULT Loader
Summary
Schism Tracker through 20260524 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in fmt_ult_load_song() in fmt/ult.c that fails to clamp the one-byte sample count to MAX_SAMPLES. Attackers can supply a crafted .ult module that overwrites the instruments pointer array, causing csf_destroy() to free attacker-chosen pointers and crash the application.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
schismtracker Schism Tracker Affected: 0 , ≤ 20260524 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:schismtracker:schism_tracker:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-17 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-111880 (GCVE-0-2026-111880)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-17 18:46 – Updated: 2026-10-17 18:46
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP 2.0.0 before 3.32.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via NTLM MIC Offset
Summary
FreeRDP versions from 2.0.0 before 3.32.0 contain a heap out-of-bounds write in the server hash-callback NTLM path that fails to validate the MIC offset. Unauthenticated attackers can send a crafted AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE with a backward session-key offset and MIC offset to write 16 zero bytes beyond the allocation.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 2.0.0 , < 3.32.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.32.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-111458 (GCVE-0-2026-111458)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 05:24 – Updated: 2026-10-16 12:30
VLAI
Title
ssldump Heap Buffer Overflow in FAN/1 X.509 Fingerprint Formatting
Summary
The fanx_fingerprint function in ssl/sslxprint.c of ssldump allocates a heap buffer for formatting FAN/1 X.509 certificate fingerprints. The allocation size is computed as strlen(b64) + strlen(hex) + 31, but the format string "fan1:x509:server:passive:%s:sha256:%s" contains 33 fixed characters in addition to the two variable-length fields and a null terminator, requiring strlen(b64) + strlen(hex) + 34 bytes. This miscalculation results in a 3-byte heap-based buffer overflow on every invocation of the function with valid inputs. The overflow occurs because sprintf writes the full formatted string into the undersized heap buffer without bounds checking. An attacker who can supply a crafted pcap file containing a TLS X.509 certificate to a user running ssldump with FAN/1 fingerprinting enabled (for example with the -j -N options) can trigger the overflow. The resulting heap corruption may lead to denial of service through a crash or, in a worst-case scenario, arbitrary code execution in the context of the user running ssldump. The vulnerability is deterministic and requires no special privileges beyond the ability to provide input to the tool.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 05:20 UTC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 12:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard A 90/100 over 243 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
adulau ssldump Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.9.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:adulau:ssldump:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Partially reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-10-16 05:20
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/adulau/ssldump/commit/8ad55683cc0186600c085d33be5a5b627db78467.patch 454d108335b2…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
8ad55683cc01 Fix heap overflow in FAN/1 X.509 fingerprint formatting 454d108335b2…
Fix summary

The fix replaces the hardcoded size calculation and unbounded sprintf with a two-step snprintf approach: first computing the exact required output length via snprintf(NULL, 0, format, b64, hex), then allocating precisely that length plus one byte for the null terminator via calloc, and finally writing the formatted string with a bounded snprintf. This eliminates the undersized allocation and guarantees the write never exceeds the allocated buffer.

Patch summary

In ssl/sslxprint.c, the fanx_fingerprint function is modified to extract the format string into a static const array, compute the exact output length using snprintf(NULL, 0, format, b64, hex), allocate fp_len + 1 bytes via calloc, and write with snprintf(fp, (size_t)fp_len + 1, format, b64, hex). A new Python regression test (tests/test_fan1_x509.py) is added that runs ssldump on a sample pcap and verifies each FAN/1 X.509 fingerprint against independently computed base64url and SHA-256 values. CMakeLists.txt is updated to register the test via CTest when Python 3 is available. The GitHub Actions CI workflow is extended to run the test suite and an additional AddressSanitizer-instrumented build to detect invalid buffer accesses.

CVSS rationale

AV:L: The attacker must supply a crafted pcap file to a local instance of ssldump; no network vector is assumed. AC:L: The overflow is deterministic and triggered by any valid X.509 certificate processed through the FAN/1 fingerprint path. AT:N: No special conditions on the target are required. PR:N: No privileges beyond normal user access to run ssldump are needed. UI:A: The user must actively open or process the crafted input file. VC:N: No direct confidentiality impact is evident from a 3-byte heap overflow. VI:H: Heap corruption can lead to arbitrary code execution, compromising integrity. VA:H: Heap corruption can cause a crash, denying service. SC/SI/SA:N: No subsequent system impact is evidenced.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-122 The function allocates a heap buffer via calloc that is 3 bytes smaller than the actual formatted output, and sprintf writes past the end of the allocated region. This is a textbook heap-based buffer overflow caused by an incorrect size calculation.
  • CWE-787 The sprintf call writes 3 bytes beyond the end of the heap-allocated buffer, constituting an out-of-bounds write. CWE-122 is the more specific child; CWE-787 is included as the broader category.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-109 CAPEC-109 describes attacks that exploit programs writing data to buffers without adequate length checking. In this case, the attacker supplies a pcap file containing a TLS X.509 certificate; ssldump processes it and the undersized heap buffer is overflowed by sprintf. The mapping is the closest available CAPEC for a heap buffer overflow triggered by crafted input. Uncertainty: CAPEC-109 is a general pattern and does not specifically call out heap overflows or off-by-N size miscalculations, but no more specific CAPEC exists in the catalog.
Assumptions to verify
  • The affected version range is unspecified; the patch does not include version tags or release boundaries. All versions of ssldump containing the vulnerable fanx_fingerprint implementation prior to this commit are assumed affected.
  • The attack vector is assumed to be Local (AV:L) based on the common use case of analyzing pcap files. If ssldump is deployed in a live-capture configuration where an attacker can inject crafted TLS traffic, the vector could be Network (AV:N).
  • The 3-byte heap overflow is assumed to have the potential for code execution (VI:H, VA:H). In practice, a 3-byte overflow may more reliably cause a crash (DoS) than reliable code execution, but the worst-case impact is used for scoring.
  • The CAPEC-109 mapping is the closest available pattern; no CAPEC specifically addresses heap buffer overflows caused by size miscalculation.
  • No vendor, product version, or fixed version is specified in the patch metadata; these are marked as unknown/unspecified.
  • The user interaction is classified as Active (UI:A) because the user must explicitly run ssldump on a crafted input file.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 6 11 medium 6
bcp-05-x-03
Vulnerability handling and disclosure timeline
GCVE-BCP-05-X-03
  1. 2026-10-16 04:32 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (8ad55683cc0186600c085d33be5a5b627db78467): Fix heap overflow in FAN/1 X.509 fingerprint formatting https://github.com/adulau/ssldump/commit/8ad55683cc0186600c085d33be5a5b627db78467.patch
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-111382 (GCVE-0-2026-111382)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 01:17 – Updated: 2026-10-16 17:07
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write in AVC444 YUV444 Combine
Summary
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 contains a client-side heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in general_LumaToYUV444 and general_ChromaV2ToYUV444 that allows malicious RDP servers to corrupt client memory. Attackers can send RDPGFX AVC444 or AVC444v2 frames with odd-height region rects ending at surface height to write past U/V planes, enabling heap corruption and potential code execution.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 16:48 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 0 , < 3.32.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.32.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-01 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-111280 (GCVE-0-2026-111280)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 21:43 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:43
VLAI
Title
snap7 through 1.4.3 Out-of-Bounds Write via TSnap7MicroClient::opReadArea
Summary
snap7 through 1.4.3 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in TSnap7MicroClient::opReadArea() that allows malicious S7 peers to overflow client buffers via an unchecked DataLength field. Rogue or impersonated PLCs can return crafted ReadVar responses causing memcpy of up to 65535 bytes into caller buffers, crashing SCADA, HMI, or gateway processes and corrupting memory.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
davenardella snap7 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.4.3 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:snap7_project:snap7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-01 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-111275 (GCVE-0-2026-111275)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 21:43 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:43
VLAI
Title
nifti_clib through 3.0.1 Stack Out-of-Bounds Access via nifti_convert_n2hdr2nim
Summary
nifti_clib through 3.0.1 contains a stack-based out-of-bounds read and write vulnerability in nifti_convert_n2hdr2nim() because the NIfTI-2 dim[0] value is never range-checked. Attackers can supply a crafted 540-byte NIfTI-2 header read via nifti_image_read() to crash applications or corrupt stack memory.
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6430 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NIFTI-Imaging nifti_clib Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-06 00:00
Show details on NVD website

{
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          "value": "nifti_clib through 3.0.1 contains a stack-based out-of-bounds read and write vulnerability in nifti_convert_n2hdr2nim() because the NIfTI-2 dim[0] value is never range-checked. Attackers can supply a crafted 540-byte NIfTI-2 header read via nifti_image_read() to crash applications or corrupt stack memory."
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      "metrics": [
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            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
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    "datePublished": "2026-10-15T21:43:21.786Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-15T19:33:21.431Z",
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.