Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-95

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").

380 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-23885 (GCVE-0-2026-23885)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-19 21:09 – Updated: 2026-01-21 21:12
VLAI
Title
AlchemyCMS has Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via eval injection in ResourcesHelper
Summary
Alchemy is an open source content management system engine written in Ruby on Rails. Prior to versions 7.4.12 and 8.0.3, the application uses the Ruby `eval()` function to dynamically execute a string provided by the `resource_handler.engine_name` attribute in `Alchemy::ResourcesHelper#resource_url_proxy`. The vulnerability exists in `app/helpers/alchemy/resources_helper.rb` at line 28. The code explicitly bypasses security linting with `# rubocop:disable Security/Eval`, indicating that the use of a dangerous function was known but not properly mitigated. Since `engine_name` is sourced from module definitions that can be influenced by administrative configurations, it allows an authenticated attacker to escape the Ruby sandbox and execute arbitrary system commands on the host OS. Versions 7.4.12 and 8.0.3 fix the issue by replacing `eval()` with `send()`.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-21 21:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7661 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AlchemyCMS alchemy_cms Affected: < 7.4.12
Affected: >= 8.0.0.a, < 8.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22666 (GCVE-0-2026-22666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 12:41 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53
VLAI
Title
Dolibarr ERP/CRM < 23.0.2 Authenticated RCE via dol_eval_standard()
Summary
Dolibarr ERP/CRM versions prior to 23.0.2 contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the dol_eval_standard() function that fails to apply forbidden string checks in whitelist mode and does not detect PHP dynamic callable syntax. Attackers with administrator privileges can inject malicious payloads through computed extrafields or other evaluation paths using PHP dynamic callable syntax to bypass validation and achieve arbitrary command execution via eval().
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-07 13:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6106 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dolibarr Dolibarr ERP/CRM Affected: 0 , < 23.0.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 6f425521b3e6f9f27eca05228e02093dbaa40dea (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:dolibarr:dolibarr_erp\/crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-19780 (GCVE-0-2026-19780)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 16:05 – Updated: 2026-09-22 17:57
VLAI
Title
Koha Eval Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Koha Eval Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Koha. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the web service, which listens on TCP port 8081 by default. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before passing it to the eval function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the service account. Was ZDI-CAN-29165.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 17:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
zdi CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 108 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Koha Koha Affected: 25.12.00
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-08 21:39
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-19626 (GCVE-0-2026-19626)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 16:55 – Updated: 2026-08-15 03:55
VLAI
Title
Remote Code Execution
Summary
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Tenable Security Center's report generation functionality. An authenticated, non-administrative user could exploit this issue by supplying specially crafted input that is later processed unsafely during server-side report rendering, resulting in arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the service account.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code ('eval injection')
Assigner
tenable CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 71/100 over 52 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Tenable, Inc. Security Center Affected: 0 , < 6.9.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-19295 (GCVE-0-2026-19295)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 20:53 – Updated: 2026-09-01 03:56
VLAI
Title
Langflow is affected by multiple remote code execution vulnerabilities due to insufficient code-execution policy enforcement
Summary
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.1 allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands in the server process by saving a flow with a crafted type field value and triggering a build of a wrapper flow that references it. This allowed privilege escalation from "authenticated flow user" to arbitrary OS-level command execution under the server process identity, bypassing the LANGFLOW_ALLOW_CUSTOM_COMPONENTS=false policy control.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
ibm CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 1242 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7284733 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Langflow OSS Affected: 1.0.0 , ≤ 1.11.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:langflow_oss:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:langflow_oss:1.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14380 (GCVE-0-2026-14380)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 22:04 – Updated: 2026-08-31 10:12
VLAI
Title
DBI versions before 1.650 for Perl are vulnerable to code injection via caller-influenced Profile
Summary
DBI versions before 1.650 for Perl are vulnerable to code injection via caller-influenced Profile. When a string is assigned to a DBI handle's Profile attribute, DBI splits it into path, package and arguments, and interpolates the package part in a string eval with no validation of the package name. Any caller-influenced value that reaches the Profile attribute is therefore arbitrary Perl code execution, including calls to run system commands. The Profile attribute can be set from three different sources that can carry untrusted data: the DBI_PROFILE environment variable, a direct attribute assignment, and a DSN driver-attribute clause dbi:Driver(Profile=>SPEC):db. An attacker controlling any of those inputs runs arbitrary Perl in the host process. The strongest remote position is a network-exposed DBI::Gofer / DBI::ProxyServer whose per-request DSN reaches the Profile attribute, letting a client execute code on the broker host.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 13:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection)
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 265 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 1.650 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-13048 (GCVE-0-2026-13048)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:28 – Updated: 2026-08-14 11:31
VLAI
Title
Data::MuForm::Localizer versions through 0.05 for Perl execute Perl from a message catalog header, reached at an arbitrary path because load_lexicon interpolates the language attribute into the catalog filename
Summary
Data::MuForm::Localizer versions through 0.05 for Perl execute Perl from a message catalog header, reached at an arbitrary path because load_lexicon interpolates the language attribute into the catalog filename. load_lexicon builds the catalog path by appending `Messages/$lang.po` to the directory holding Localizer.pm, where $lang is the language attribute, with no check that it names a bare locale tag. A value holding `../` segments walks out of the message directory, so any readable path with a `.po` suffix is loaded. While parsing the catalog, extract_header_msgstr takes the `Plural-Forms:` header, prefixes `$` to the bare words nplurals, plural and n, and passes the rest verbatim into a string that is evaluated: the nplurals form evaluates the header expression immediately, and the plural_code form compiles it into a subroutine whose body runs when a plural message is localized. A header of `nplurals=2; plural=(system('...'),0);` therefore runs that command as the catalog loads. The evaluation inherits strict, so an expression that assigns to an undeclared variable fails to compile, while one built from calls alone does not. An application that sets the language attribute from request data, an Accept-Language header or a locale parameter, and an attacker who can place a file with a `.po` suffix and chosen contents at a readable path, together give code execution as the application user. The message expansion path is not affected: expand_named substitutes only the placeholder names the caller supplies, and _mangle_value returns the value unchanged.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 11:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 265 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.05 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-11422 (GCVE-0-2026-11422)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 20:16 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53
VLAI
Title
Markdown Preview Enhanced 0.8.x Code Injection via WaveDrom Rendering
Summary
Markdown Preview Enhanced 0.8.x with crossnote engine 0.9.28 contains a code injection vulnerability in the WaveDrom rendering pipeline that allows attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript by embedding malicious content in a wavedrom fenced code block within a crafted Markdown document. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized passing of wavedrom block content to window.eval() in the VS Code webview context to abuse the extension's message passing and invoke arbitrary file writes on the local filesystem.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-08 13:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6106 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
shd101wyy Markdown Preview Enhanced Affected: 0 , < 0.8.27 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
shd101wyy crossnote Affected: 0 , < 0.9.28 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-05 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-8914 (GCVE-0-2026-8914)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 09:36 – Updated: 2026-06-05 20:21
VLAI
Title
Command injection in Profile change function
Summary
In Teltonika Networks RUTOS devices, running versions 7.22 through 7.23.2 and TSWOS devices running versions 1.09 through 1.09.1, due to unsafe calls to an eval function in rpc-profile, a vulnerability exists where a lower privileged user could perform command injection as the root user.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-05 20:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code ('eval injection')
Assigner
tlt_net CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 4 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Teltonika Networks RUTOS Affected: 7.22 , ≤ 7.23.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Teltonika Networks TSWOS Affected: 1.09 , ≤ 1.09.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-6652 (GCVE-0-2026-6652)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 15:00 – Updated: 2026-04-20 16:14
VLAI
Title
Pagekit CMS StringStorage Template PhpEngine.php evaluate eval injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Pagekit CMS up to 1.0.18. This issue affects the function evaluate of the file app/modules/view/src/PhpEngine.php of the component StringStorage Template Handler. This manipulation causes improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 16:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code
  • CWE-94 - Code Injection
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3882 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/358286 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/358286/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/submit/794186 third-party-advisory
https://medium.com/@pkhuyar/the-danger-of-php-eva… broken-linkexploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Pagekit CMS Affected: 1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1
Affected: 1.0.2
Affected: 1.0.3
Affected: 1.0.4
Affected: 1.0.5
Affected: 1.0.6
Affected: 1.0.7
Affected: 1.0.8
Affected: 1.0.9
Affected: 1.0.10
Affected: 1.0.11
Affected: 1.0.12
Affected: 1.0.13
Affected: 1.0.14
Affected: 1.0.15
Affected: 1.0.16
Affected: 1.0.17
Affected: 1.0.18
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.1,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 4.7,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 4.7,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.8,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-95",
              "description": "Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "Code Injection",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T15:00:22.525Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-358286 | Pagekit CMS StringStorage Template PhpEngine.php evaluate eval injection",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/358286"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-358286 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/358286/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #794186 | Pagekit CMS framework \u003c= 1.0.18 Remote Code Execution",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/794186"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://medium.com/@pkhuyar/the-danger-of-php-eval-a23410187ca2"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-04-20T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-04-20T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-04-20T08:03:37.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Pagekit CMS StringStorage Template PhpEngine.php evaluate eval injection"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-6652",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-20T15:00:22.525Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-20T05:58:31.133Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-20T16:14:56.950Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Refactoring

If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.