CVE-2026-27493 (GCVE-0-2026-27493)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 22:05 – Updated: 2026-02-26 20:27
VLAI
Title
n8n has Unauthenticated Expression Evaluation via Form Node
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, a second-order expression injection vulnerability existed in n8n's Form nodes that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject and evaluate arbitrary n8n expressions by submitting crafted form data. When chained with an expression sandbox escape, this could escalate to remote code execution on the n8n host. The vulnerability requires a specific workflow configuration to be exploitable. First, a form node with a field interpolating a value provided by an unauthenticated user, e.g. a form submitted value. Second, the field value must begin with an `=` character, which caused n8n to treat it as an expression and triggered a double-evaluation of the field content. There is no practical reason for a workflow designer to prefix a field with `=` intentionally — the character is not rendered in the output, so the result would not match the designer's expectations. If added accidentally, it would be noticeable and very unlikely to persist. An unauthenticated attacker would need to either know about this specific circumstance on a target instance or discover a matching form by chance. Even when the preconditions are met, the expression injection alone is limited to data accessible within the n8n expression context. Escalation to remote code execution requires chaining with a separate sandbox escape vulnerability. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Review usage of form nodes manually for above mentioned preconditions, disable the Form node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.form` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable, and/or disable the Form Trigger node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.formTrigger` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Severity
9.5 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-26 20:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7861 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
n8n-io n8n Affected: < 1.123.22
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3
Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, a second-order expression injection vulnerability existed in n8n\u0027s Form nodes that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject and evaluate arbitrary n8n expressions by submitting crafted form data. When chained with an expression sandbox escape, this could escalate to remote code execution on the n8n host. The vulnerability requires a specific workflow configuration to be exploitable. First, a form node with a field interpolating a value provided by an unauthenticated user, e.g. a form submitted value. Second, the field value must begin with an `=` character, which caused n8n to treat it as an expression and triggered a double-evaluation of the field content. There is no practical reason for a workflow designer to prefix a field with `=` intentionally \u2014 the character is not rendered in the output, so the result would not match the designer\u0027s expectations. If added accidentally, it would be noticeable and very unlikely to persist. An unauthenticated attacker would need to either know about this specific circumstance on a target instance or discover a matching form by chance. Even when the preconditions are met, the expression injection alone is limited to data accessible within the n8n expression context. Escalation to remote code execution requires chaining with a separate sandbox escape vulnerability. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Review usage of form nodes manually for above mentioned preconditions, disable the Form node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.form` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable, and/or disable the Form Trigger node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.formTrigger` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 9.5,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-94",
                  "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-95",
                  "description": "CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (\u0027Eval Injection\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-02-25T22:05:00.686Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/issues/19"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/562d867483e871b0f1e31776252e23bd721df75b"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@1.123.22"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.10.1"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.9.3"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-75g8-rv7v-32f7",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "n8n has Unauthenticated Expression Evaluation via Form Node"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-27493",
        "datePublished": "2026-02-25T22:05:00.686Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-02-19T19:46:03.542Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T20:27:26.036Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
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  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
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Vulnerability timeline

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How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

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