Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-21324 (GCVE-0-2021-21324)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-08 17:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) on "Solutions"
Summary
GLPI is an open-source asset and IT management software package that provides ITIL Service Desk features, licenses tracking and software auditing. In GLPI before version 9.5.4 there is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) on "Solutions". This vulnerability gives an unauthorized user the ability to enumerate GLPI items names (including users logins) using the knowbase search form (requires authentication). To Reproduce: Perform a valid authentication at your GLPI instance, Browse the ticket list and select any open ticket, click on Solution form, then Search a solution form that will redirect you to the endpoint /"glpi/front/knowbaseitem.php?item_itemtype=Ticket&item_items_id=18&forcetab=Knowbase$1", and the item_itemtype=Ticket parameter present in the previous URL will point to the PHP alias of glpi_tickets table, so just replace it with "Users" to point to glpi_users table instead; in the same way, item_items_id=18 will point to the related column id, so changing it too you should be able to enumerate all the content which has an alias. Since such id(s) are obviously incremental, a malicious party could exploit the vulnerability simply by guessing-based attempts.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/commit/aade6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/releases/tag/9.5.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| glpi-project | glpi |
Affected:
< 9.5.4
|
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CVE-2021-21022 (GCVE-0-2021-21022)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-11 19:29 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Magento Commerce Incorrect permissions Could Lead To Unauthorized Access
Summary
Magento versions 2.4.1 (and earlier), 2.4.0-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.6 (and earlier) are vulnerable to an insecure direct object reference (IDOR) in the product module. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to restricted resources.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Magento Commerce |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 2.4.1
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.4.0-p1 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.3.6 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ None (custom) |
Date Public
2021-02-09 00:00
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CVE-2021-21012 (GCVE-0-2021-21012)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-01-13 22:35 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Magento Commerce Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerability Could Lead To Sensitive Information Disclosure
Summary
Magento versions 2.4.1 (and earlier), 2.4.0-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.6 (and earlier) are vulnerable to an insecure direct object vulnerability (IDOR) in the checkout module. Successful exploitation could lead to sensitive information disclosure.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Magento Commerce |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 2.4.1
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.4.0-p1 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.3.6 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ None (custom) |
Date Public
2021-02-09 00:00
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CVE-2021-4142 (GCVE-0-2021-4142)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-24 15:09 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The Candlepin component of Red Hat Satellite was affected by an improper authentication flaw. Few factors could allow an attacker to use the SCA (simple content access) certificate for authentication with Candlepin.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-639 - - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key -> CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2034346 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-4142 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/candlepin/candlepin/pull/3199 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/candlepin/candlepin/pull/3197 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/candlepin/candlepin/pull/3198 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-3964 (GCVE-0-2021-3964)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-01 11:25 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in elgg/elgg
Summary
elgg is vulnerable to Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
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| https://github.com/elgg/elgg/commit/d9fcad76ee380… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-3852 (GCVE-0-2021-3852)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-12 10:15 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in weseek/growi
Summary
growi is vulnerable to Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://huntr.dev/bounties/d44def81-2834-4031-903… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/weseek/growi/commit/863bfd7f62… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| weseek | weseek/growi |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.4.8
(custom)
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CVE-2020-37094 (GCVE-0-2020-37094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-03 22:01 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
EspoCRM 5.7.0 < 5.9.0 - Two-Factor Authentication Bypass via Auth Token Reuse Between Accounts with Identical Passwords
Summary
EspoCRM 5.7.0 prior to 5.9.0 contains an authentication token reuse vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to bypass two-factor authentication by exploiting token-to-password-hash mapping in application/Espo/Core/Utils/Authentication/Espo.php. Attackers can obtain an authentication token for a controlled account and replay it against any victim account sharing the same password, since tokens are bound to password hashes rather than unique per-user values, bypassing the victim's 2FA protections.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-04 19:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-303 - Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48376 | exploit |
| https://www.espocrm.com | product |
| https://github.com/espocrm/espocrm/commit/b299220… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/espocrm-two-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2020-04-24 00:00
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CVE-2020-37008 (GCVE-0-2020-37008)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-29 14:28 – Updated: 2026-05-12 20:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
EasyPMS 1.0.0 - Authentication Bypass
Summary
EasyPMS 1.0.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unprivileged users to manipulate SQL queries in JSON requests to access admin user information. Attackers can exploit weak input validation by injecting single quotes in ID parameters and modify admin user passwords without proper token authentication.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-29 15:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48858 | exploit |
| https://www.elektraweb.com/en/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/easypms-auth… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elektraweb | EasyPMS |
Affected:
1.0.0
|
Date Public
2020-10-01 00:00
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CVE-2020-36923 (GCVE-0-2020-36923)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 15:52 – Updated: 2026-01-06 18:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sony BRAVIA Digital Signage 1.7.8 Client-Side Protection Bypass via IDOR
Summary
Sony BRAVIA Digital Signage 1.7.8 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows attackers to bypass authorization controls. Attackers can access hidden system resources like '/#/content-creation' by manipulating client-side access restrictions.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 18:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | third-party-advisory |
| https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilit… | vdb-entry |
| https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2020120031 | third-party-advisory |
| https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160344 | exploit |
| https://pro.sony/ue_US/products/display-software | product |
| https://pro-bravia.sony.net/resources/software/br… | product |
| https://pro-bravia.sony.net | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/sony-bravia-… | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/codes/sonybravia_idor.txt | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sony Electronics Inc. | Sony BRAVIA Digital Signage |
Affected:
<=1.7.8
|
Date Public
2020-12-02 00:00
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CVE-2020-36895 (GCVE-0-2020-36895)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-10 20:54 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
EIBIZ i-Media Server Digital Signage 3.8.0 Unauthenticated Configuration Disclosure
Summary
EIBIZ i-Media Server Digital Signage 3.8.0 contains an unauthenticated configuration disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access sensitive configuration files via direct object reference. Attackers can retrieve the SiteConfig.properties file through an HTTP GET request, exposing administrative credentials, database connection details, and system configuration information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-11 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48764 | exploit |
| http://www.eibiz.co.th | product |
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | vendor-advisoryvdb-entry |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/eibiz-i-medi… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EIBIZ Co.,Ltd. | i-Media Server Digital Signage |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.8.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:eibiz:i-media_server_digital_signage:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2020-08-21 00:00
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{
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.