Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2020-26068 (GCVE-0-2020-26068)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-11-18 17:40 – Updated: 2024-11-13 17:40
VLAI
Title
Cisco Telepresence CE Software and RoomOS Software Unauthorized Token Generation Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the xAPI service of Cisco Telepresence CE Software and Cisco RoomOS Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to generate an access token for an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient access authorization. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using the xAPI service to generate a specific token. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to use the generated token to enable experimental features on the device that should not be available to users.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-13 17:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
cisco CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 434 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2020-11-18 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-16240 (GCVE-0-2020-16240)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-09-23 13:06 – Updated: 2024-08-04 13:37
VLAI
Summary
GE Digital APM Classic, Versions 4.4 and prior. An insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability allows user account data to be downloaded in JavaScript object notation (JSON) format by users who should not have access to such functionality. An attacker can download sensitive data related to user accounts without having the proper privileges.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - AUTHORIZATION BYPASS THROUGH USER-CONTROLLED KEY CWE-639
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a GE Digital APM Classic Affected: Versions 4.4 and prior
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-8297 (GCVE-0-2020-8297)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-23 18:28 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:56
VLAI
Summary
Nextcloud Deck before 1.0.2 suffers from an insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability that permits users with a duplicate user identifier to access deck data of a previous deleted user.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Nextcloud Deck Affected: Fixed in 1.0.2
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-8235 (GCVE-0-2020-8235)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-10-05 13:16 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:56
VLAI
Summary
Missing access control in Nextcloud Deck 1.0.4 caused an insecure direct object reference allowing an attacker to view all attachments.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Nextcloud Deck app Affected: Fixed in 1.0.5
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-8154 (GCVE-0-2020-8154)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-05-12 13:01 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:48
VLAI
Summary
An Insecure direct object reference vulnerability in Nextcloud Server 18.0.2 allowed an attacker to remote wipe devices of other users when sending a malicious request directly to the endpoint.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Nextcloud Server Affected: 18.0.3
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2019-25487 (GCVE-0-2019-25487)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 18:23 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:23
VLAI
Title
SAPIDO RB-1732 V2.0.43 Remote Command Execution via formSysCmd
Summary
SAPIDO RB-1732 V2.0.43 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by submitting malicious input to the formSysCmd endpoint. Attackers can send POST requests with the sysCmd parameter containing shell commands to execute code on the device with router privileges.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-11 19:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7770 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Sapido RB-1732 Affected: 2.0.43
    cpe:2.3:h:sapido:rb-1732:2.0.43:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2019-06-25 00:00
Credits
k1nm3n.aotoi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2019-25235 (GCVE-0-2019-25235)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 19:27 – Updated: 2026-03-05 12:02
VLAI
Title
Smartwares HOME easy 1.0.9 Client-Side Authentication Bypass via Web Pages
Summary
Smartwares HOME easy 1.0.9 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to access administrative web pages by disabling JavaScript. Attackers can navigate to multiple administrative endpoints and to bypass client-side validation and access sensitive system information.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-24 20:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7770 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Smartwares Smartwares HOME easy Affected: 1.0.9
    cpe:2.3:h:smartwares:home_easy:1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2019-11-05 00:00
Credits
LiquidWorm as Gjoko Krstic of Zero Science Lab
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CVE-2019-15582 (GCVE-0-2019-15582)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-01-28 02:36 – Updated: 2024-08-05 00:49
VLAI
Summary
An IDOR was discovered in < 12.3.2, < 12.2.6, and < 12.1.12 for GitLab Community Edition (CE) and Enterprise Edition (EE) that allowed a maintainer to add any private group to a protected environment.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitLab GitLab EE Affected: before 12.3.2
Affected: before 12.2.6
Affected: before 12.1.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2019-15581 (GCVE-0-2019-15581)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-01-28 02:43 – Updated: 2024-08-05 00:49
VLAI
Summary
An IDOR exists in < 12.3.2, < 12.2.6, and < 12.1.12 for GitLab Community Edition (CE) and Enterprise Edition (EE) that allowed a project owner or maintainer to see the members of any private group via merge request approval rules.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitLab GitLab EE Affected: before 12.3.2
Affected: before 12.2.6
Affected: before 12.1.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2019-5469 (GCVE-0-2019-5469)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-12-18 20:59 – Updated: 2024-08-04 19:54
VLAI
Summary
An IDOR vulnerability exists in GitLab <v12.1.2, <v12.0.4, and <v11.11.6 that allowed uploading files from project archive to replace other users files potentially allowing an attacker to replace project binaries or other uploaded assets.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a GitLab Affected: Fixed versions 12.1.2, 12.0.4, and 11.11.6
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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