Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-39225 (GCVE-0-2021-39225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-25 21:40 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing permission check on Deck API
Summary
Nextcloud is an open-source, self-hosted productivity platform. A missing permission check in Nextcloud Deck before 1.2.9, 1.4.5 and 1.5.3 allows another authenticated users to access Deck cards of another user. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Deck App is upgraded to 1.2.9, 1.4.5 or 1.5.3. There are no known workarounds aside from upgrading.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/deck/pull/3316 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1331728 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 1.2.9
Affected: >= 1.4.0, < 1.4.5 Affected: >= 1.5.0, < 1.5.3 |
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CVE-2021-37631 (GCVE-0-2021-37631)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-07 19:50 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Circle can be accessed by non-Circle members in Nextcloud Deck
Summary
Deck is an open source kanban style organization tool aimed at personal planning and project organization for teams integrated with Nextcloud. In affected versions the Deck application didn't properly check membership of users in a Circle. This allowed other users in the instance to gain access to boards that have been shared with a Circle, even if the user was not a member of the circle. It is recommended that Nextcloud Deck is upgraded to 1.5.1, 1.4.4 or 1.2.9. If you are unable to update it is advised to disable the Deck plugin.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/deck/pull/3217 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1256021 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1280931 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 1.2.9
Affected: >= 1.3.0, < 1.4.4 Affected: >= 1.5.0, < 1.5.1 |
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CVE-2021-37630 (GCVE-0-2021-37630)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-07 20:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Secret Circle can be joined without approval in Nextcloud Circles
Summary
Nextcloud Circles is an open source social network built for the nextcloud ecosystem. In affected versions the Nextcloud Circles application allowed any user to join any "Secret Circle" without approval by the Circle owner leaking private information. It is recommended that Nextcloud Circles is upgraded to 0.19.15, 0.20.11 or 0.21.4. There are no workarounds for this issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/circles/pull/768 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1257624 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 0.19.15
Affected: >= 0.20.0, < 0.20.11 Affected: >= 0.21.0, < 0.21.4 |
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CVE-2021-37628 (GCVE-0-2021-37628)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-07 20:15 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
File Drop can be bypassed using Richdocuments app in nextcloud
Summary
Nextcloud Richdocuments is an open source collaborative office suite. In affected versions the File Drop features ("Upload Only" public link shares in Nextcloud) can be bypassed using the Nextcloud Richdocuments app. An attacker was able to read arbitrary files in such a share. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Richdocuments is upgraded to 3.8.4 or 4.2.1. If upgrading is not possible then it is recommended to disable the Richdocuments application.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/richdocuments/pull/1664 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1253403 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 3.8.4
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.2.1 |
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CVE-2021-37184 (GCVE-0-2021-37184)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-14 10:47 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Industrial Edge Management (All versions < V1.3). An unauthenticated attacker could change the the password of any user in the system under certain circumstances. With this an attacker could impersonate any valid user on an affected system.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | Industrial Edge Management |
Affected:
All versions < V1.3
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CVE-2021-36801 (GCVE-0-2021-36801)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-04 22:20 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Akaunting Authentication Bypass in Company Selection
Summary
Akaunting version 2.1.12 and earlier suffers from an authentication bypass issue in the user-controllable field, companies[0]. This issue was fixed in version 2.1.13 of the product.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/27/multi… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-07-27 00:00
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CVE-2021-36329 (GCVE-0-2021-36329)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-30 20:40 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell EMC Streaming Data Platform versions before 1.3 contain an Indirect Object Reference Vulnerability. A remote malicious user may potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain sensitive information.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-in/00019369… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | Dell EMC Streaming Data Platform |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.3
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-11-19 00:00
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CVE-2021-32744 (GCVE-0-2021-32744)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-21 16:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated attacker could gain access to currently open files
Summary
Collabora Online is a collaborative online office suite. In versions prior to 4.2.17-1 and version 6.4.9-5, unauthenticated attackers are able to gain access to files which are currently opened by other users in the Collabora Online editor. For successful exploitation the attacker is required to guess the file identifier - the predictability of this file identifier is dependent on external file-storage implementations (this is a potential "IDOR" - Insecure Direct Object Reference - vulnerability). Versions 4.2.17-1 and 6.4.9-5 contain patches for this issue. There is no known workaround except updating the Collabora Online application to one of the patched releases.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/CollaboraOnline/online/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CollaboraOnline | online |
Affected:
< 4.2.17-1
Affected: >= 6.4.0, < 6.4.9-5 |
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CVE-2021-32654 (GCVE-0-2021-32654)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-01 20:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Attacker can obtain write access to any federated share/public link
Summary
Nextcloud Server is a Nextcloud package that handles data storage. In versions prior to 19.0.11, 20.0.10, and 21.0.2, an attacker is able to receive write/read privileges on any Federated File Share. Since public links can be added as federated file share, this can also be exploited on any public link. Users can upgrade to patched versions (19.0.11, 20.0.10 or 21.0.2) or, as a workaround, disable federated file sharing.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1170024 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-17 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 19.0.11
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.10 Affected: >= 21.0.0, < 21.0.2 |
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CVE-2021-25096 (GCVE-0-2021-25096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-07 15:47 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IP2Location Country Blocker < 2.26.5 - Ban Bypass
Summary
The IP2Location Country Blocker WordPress plugin before 2.26.5 bans can be bypassed by using a specific parameter in the URL
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2652469 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e6dd140e-0c9d-41… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | IP2Location Country Blocker |
Affected:
2.26.5 , < 2.26.5
(custom)
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.