Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2021-24892 (GCVE-0-2021-24892)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-23 19:16 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:49
VLAI
Title
Advanced Forms < 1.6.9 - Subscriber+ Arbitrary User Email Address Update via IDOR
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference in edit function of Advanced Forms (Free & Pro) before 1.6.9 allows authenticated remote attacker to change arbitrary user's email address and request for reset password, which could lead to take over of WordPress's administrator account. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must register to obtain a valid WordPress's user and use such user to authenticate with WordPress in order to exploit the vulnerable edit function.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TODO Advanced Forms Ppro Affected: 1.6.9 , < 1.6.9 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
TODO Advanced Forms Affected: 1.6.9 , < 1.6.9 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Suppawit Punhakit
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24840 (GCVE-0-2021-24840)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-08 17:35 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:42
VLAI
Title
Squaretype Modern Blog < 3.0.4 - Unauthenticated Private/Schedule Posts Disclosure
Summary
The Squaretype WordPress theme before 3.0.4 allows unauthenticated users to manipulate the query_vars used to retrieve the posts to display in one of its REST endpoint, without any validation. As a result, private and scheduled posts could be retrieved via a crafted request.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown Squaretype Affected: 3.0.4 , < 3.0.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Emil Kylander Edwartz
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24800 (GCVE-0-2021-24800)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-25 15:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:42
VLAI
Title
DW Question & Answer Pro <= 1.3.4 - Arbitrary Comment Edition via IDOR
Summary
The DW Question & Answer Pro WordPress plugin through 1.3.4 does not check that the comment to edit belongs to the user making the request, allowing any user to edit other comments.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown DW Question Answer Pro Affected: 1.3.4 , ≤ 1.3.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Brandon Roldan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24739 (GCVE-0-2021-24739)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-21 08:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:42
VLAI
Title
Logo Carousel < 3.4.2 - Unauthorised Private Post Access
Summary
The Logo Carousel WordPress plugin before 3.4.2 allows users with a role as low as Contributor to duplicate and view arbitrary private posts made by other users via the Carousel Duplication feature
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
apple502j
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24655 (GCVE-0-2021-24655)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-17 10:35 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
WP User Manager < 2.6.3 - Arbitrary User Password Reset to Account Compromise
Summary
The WP User Manager WordPress plugin before 2.6.3 does not ensure that the user ID to reset the password of is related to the reset key given. As a result, any authenticated user can reset the password (to an arbitrary value) of any user knowing only their ID, and gain access to their account.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
AyeCode Ltd
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24562 (GCVE-0-2021-24562)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-23 11:10 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
LifterLMS < 4.21.2 - Access Other Student Grades/Answers via IDOR
Summary
The LMS by LifterLMS – Online Course, Membership & Learning Management System Plugin for WordPress plugin before 4.21.2 was affected by an IDOR issue, allowing students to see other student answers and grades
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Amirmuhammad vakili
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24473 (GCVE-0-2021-24473)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-02 10:32 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
User Profile Picture < 2.6.0 - Arbitrary User Picture Change/Deletion via IDOR
Summary
The User Profile Picture WordPress plugin before 2.6.0 was affected by an IDOR issue, allowing users with the upload_image capability (by default author and above) to change and delete the profile pictures of other users (including those with higher roles).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown User Profile Picture Affected: 2.6.0 , < 2.6.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
apple502j
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-24374 (GCVE-0-2021-24374)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-21 19:18 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:28
VLAI
Title
Jetpack < 9.8 - Carousel Module Non-Published Page/Post Attachment Comment Leak
Summary
The Jetpack Carousel module of the JetPack WordPress plugin before 9.8 allows users to create a "carousel" type image gallery and allows users to comment on the images. A security vulnerability was found within the Jetpack Carousel module by nguyenhg_vcs that allowed the comments of non-published page/posts to be leaked.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
nguyenhg_vcs
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22967 (GCVE-0-2021-22967)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-19 18:11 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
In Concrete CMS (formerly concrete 5) below 8.5.7, IDOR Allows Unauthenticated User to Access Restricted Files If Allowed to Add Message to a Conversation.To remediate this, a check was added to verify a user has permissions to view files before attaching the files to a message in "add / edit message”.Concrete CMS security team gave this a CVSS v3.1 score of 4.3 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:NCredit for discovery Adrian H
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/concrete5/concrete5 Affected: Affected version - Concrete 8.5.6 and below. Fixed version 9.0 and 8.5.7
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-22951 (GCVE-0-2021-22951)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-19 18:10 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:58
VLAI
Summary
Unauthorized individuals could view password protected files using view_inline in Concrete CMS (previously concrete 5) prior to version 8.5.7. Concrete CMS now checks to see if a file has a password in view_inline and, if it does, the file is not rendered.For version 8.5.6, the following mitigations were put in place a. restricting file types for view_inline to images only b. putting a warning in the file manager to advise users.Credit for discovery: "Solar Security Research Team"Concrete CMS security team CVSS scoring is 5.3: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:NThis fix is also in Concrete version 9.0.0
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) (CWE-639)
Assigner
hackerone CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 60/100 over 214 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a https://github.com/concrete5/concrete5 Affected: Fixed version Concrete CMS 8.5.7 and 9.0
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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