Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-4279 (GCVE-0-2024-4279)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-16 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution <= 2.7.0 - Authenticated (Instructor+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Course Deletion
Summary
The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Course Deletion in versions up to, and including, 2.7.0 via the 'tutor_course_delete' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This can allow authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level permissions and above, to delete any course.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-16 16:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themeum | Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.7.0
(semver)
|
|
| themeum | tutor_lms |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.7.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:themeum:tutor_lms:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:* |
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CVE-2024-4274 (GCVE-0-2024-4274)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-04 05:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Essential Real Estate <= 4.4.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Attachment Deletion
Summary
The Essential Real Estate plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to insufficient validation on the remove_property_attachment_ajax() function in all versions up to, and including, 4.4.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary attachments.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-04 15:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| g5theme | Essential Real Estate |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.4.4
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-4154 (GCVE-0-2024-4154)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-21 17:57 – Updated: 2025-01-31 11:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Incorrect Synchronization in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
In lunary-ai/lunary version 1.2.2, an incorrect synchronization vulnerability allows unprivileged users to rename projects they do not have access to. Specifically, an unprivileged user can send a PATCH request to the project's endpoint with a new name for a project, despite not having the necessary permissions or being assigned to the project. This issue allows for unauthorized modification of project names, potentially leading to confusion or unauthorized access to project resources.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-21 18:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.2.26
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary |
Affected:
1.2.2
cpe:2.3:a:lunary-ai:lunary:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-4151 (GCVE-0-2024-4151)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-20 14:14 – Updated: 2025-01-31 11:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Access Control in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
An Improper Access Control vulnerability exists in lunary-ai/lunary version 1.2.2, where users can view and update any prompts in any projects due to insufficient access control checks in the handling of PATCH and GET requests for template versions. This vulnerability allows unauthorized users to manipulate or access sensitive project data, potentially leading to data integrity and confidentiality issues.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-20 16:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.2.25
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-3306 (GCVE-0-2024-3306)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-12 13:06 – Updated: 2026-06-03 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Utarit Information's SoliClub
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Utarit Information SoliClub allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.
This issue affects SoliClub: before 4.4.0 for iOS, before 5.2.1 for Android.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-12 19:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-1457 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Utarit Information | SoliClub |
Affected:
0 , < 4.4.0
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 5.2.1 (custom) |
|
| utarit | soliclub |
Affected:
0 , < 4.4.0
(custom)
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CVE-2024-3305 (GCVE-0-2024-3305)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-12 13:03 – Updated: 2026-06-03 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Utarit Information's SoliClub
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, Missing Authorization vulnerability in Utarit Information SoliClub allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.
This issue affects SoliClub: before 4.4.0 for iOS, before 5.2.1 for Android.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-12 18:45 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-1457 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Utarit Information | SoliClub |
Affected:
0 , < 4.4.0
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 5.2.1 (custom) |
|
| utarit | soliclub |
Affected:
0 , < 4.4.0
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < 5.2.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:utarit:soliclub:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-3035 (GCVE-0-2024-3035)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-08 10:31 – Updated: 2024-09-17 15:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
A permission check vulnerability in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 8.12 prior to 17.0.6, 17.1 prior to 17.1.4, and 17.2 prior to 17.2.2 allowed for LFS tokens to read and write to the user owned repositories.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-08 14:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/452297 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/2424715 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-2577 (GCVE-0-2024-2577)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-18 02:31 – Updated: 2024-08-12 15:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Employee Task Management System update-employee.php authorization
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /update-employee.php. The manipulation of the argument admin_id leads to authorization bypass. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257080.
Severity
7.3 (High)
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-18 15:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.257080 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257080 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… | exploitpatch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Employee Task Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| sourcecodester | employee_task_management_system |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:employee_task_management_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-2576 (GCVE-0-2024-2576)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-18 02:00 – Updated: 2024-08-08 20:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Employee Task Management System update-admin.php authorization
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /update-admin.php. The manipulation of the argument admin_id leads to authorization bypass. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257079.
Severity
7.3 (High)
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-21 18:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.257079 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257079 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… | exploitpatch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Employee Task Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| sourcecodester | employee_task_management_system |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:employee_task_management_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-2575 (GCVE-0-2024-2575)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-18 02:00 – Updated: 2024-08-08 20:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Employee Task Management System task-details.php authorization
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /task-details.php. The manipulation of the argument task_id leads to authorization bypass. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-257078 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Severity
7.3 (High)
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-18 15:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.257078 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257078 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Employee Task Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| sourcecodester | employee_task_management_system |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:employee_task_management_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-2575",
"datePublished": "2024-03-18T02:00:09.261Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-03-17T08:25:56.085Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-08T20:45:02.184Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.