Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-6534 (GCVE-0-2024-6534)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-15 03:10 – Updated: 2025-05-19 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Directus 10.13.0 - Insecure object reference via PATH presets
Summary
Directus v10.13.0 allows an authenticated external attacker to modify presets created by the same user to assign them to another user. This is possible because the application only validates the user parameter in the 'POST /presets' request but not in the PATCH request. When chained with CVE-2024-6533, it could result in account takeover.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-15 14:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Fluid Attacks
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://fluidattacks.com/advisories/capaldi | third-party-advisory |
| https://directus.io/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-6410 (GCVE-0-2024-6410)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-10 04:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ProfileGrid <= 5.8.9 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.9 via the 'pm_upload_image' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change the profile picture of any user.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-10 13:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| metagauss | ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.8.9
(semver)
|
|
| metagauss | profilegrid |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.8.9
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:metagauss:profilegrid:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-6357 (GCVE-0-2024-6357)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-06 13:08 – Updated: 2024-08-06 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability identified in OpenText ArcSight Intelligence.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-06 14:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenText | ArcSight Intelligence |
Affected:
0 , < 6.4.13
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-6087 (GCVE-0-2024-6087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-13 16:12 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Access Control in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
An improper access control vulnerability exists in lunary-ai/lunary at the latest commit (a761d83) on the main branch. The vulnerability allows an attacker to use the auth tokens issued by the 'invite user' functionality to obtain valid JWT tokens. These tokens can be used to compromise target users upon registration for their own arbitrary organizations. The attacker can invite a target email, obtain a one-time use token, retract the invite, and later use the token to reset the password of the target user, leading to full account takeover.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-13 16:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.4.9
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai\/lunary |
Affected:
0 , < 1.4.9
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:lunary-ai:lunary-ai\/lunary:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-5977 (GCVE-0-2024-5977)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-19 11:01 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GiveWP – Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform <= 3.13.0 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (GiveWP Worker+) Arbitrary Post Actions
Summary
The GiveWP – Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 3.13.0 via the 'handleRequest' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with GiveWP Worker-level access and above, to delete and update arbitrary posts.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-29 13:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| stellarwp | GiveWP – Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.13.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-5942 (GCVE-0-2024-5942)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-29 04:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Page and Post Clone <= 6.0 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Author+) Sensitive Information Exposure
Summary
The Page and Post Clone plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 6.0 via the 'content_clone' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to clone and read private posts.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-02 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| carlosfazenda | Fast Page & Post Duplicator |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.0
(semver)
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CVE-2024-5639 (GCVE-0-2024-5639)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-21 06:58 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
User Profile Picture <= 2.6.1 - Authenticated (Author+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Profile Picture Update
Summary
The User Profile Picture plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.1 via the 'rest_api_change_profile_image' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to update the profile picture of any user.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-30 14:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cozmoslabs | User Profile Picture |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.6.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-5619 (GCVE-0-2024-5619)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-18 16:49 – Updated: 2026-06-03 13:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in PruvaSoft Informatics' Apinizer Management Console
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in PruvaSoft Informatics Apinizer Management Console allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.
This issue affects Apinizer Management Console: before 2024.05.1.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-23 14:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-1010 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PruvaSoft Informatics | Apinizer Management Console |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.05.1
(custom)
|
|
| apinizer | apinizer |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.05.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:apinizer:apinizer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-5438 (GCVE-0-2024-5438)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-07 12:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution <= 2.7.1 - Authenticated (Instructor+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Quiz Attempt Deletion
Summary
The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.1 via the 'attempt_delete' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to delete arbitrary quiz attempts.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-10 11:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themeum | Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.7.1
(semver)
|
|
| themeum | tutor_lms |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.7.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:themeum:tutor_lms:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:* |
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CVE-2024-5258 (GCVE-0-2024-5258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-23 11:02 – Updated: 2024-08-29 15:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
An authorization vulnerability exists within GitLab from versions 16.10 before 16.10.6, 16.11 before 16.11.3, and 17.0 before 17.0.1 where an authenticated attacker could utilize a crafted naming convention to bypass pipeline authorization logic.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-23 15:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/443254 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.