Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-2574 (GCVE-0-2024-2574)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-18 01:31 – Updated: 2024-08-22 19:49
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Employee Task Management System edit-task.php authorization
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /edit-task.php. The manipulation of the argument task_id leads to authorization bypass. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257077 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-19 15:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3854 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.257077 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257077 signaturepermissions-required
https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SourceCodester Employee Task Management System Affected: 1.0
Create a notification for this product.
sourcecodester employee_task_management_system Affected: 1.0
    cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:employee_task_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Joshua Lictan nochizplz (VulDB User) nochizplz (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-2543 (GCVE-0-2024-2543)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 18:58 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:01
VLAI
Title
Plugin Permalink <= 2.4.3.1 - Missing Authorization via get_uri_editor
Summary
The Permalink Manager Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'get_uri_editor' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.3.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view the permalinks of all posts.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-20 18:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mbis Permalink Manager Lite Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.3.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Muhammad Zeeshan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-2538 (GCVE-0-2024-2538)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-20 05:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:00
VLAI
Title
Permalink Manager <= 2.4.3.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated(Author+) Arbitrary Post Slug Modification
Summary
The Permalink Manager Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'ajax_save_permalink' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.3.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author access and above, to modify the permalinks of arbitrary posts.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-05 18:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mbis Permalink Manager Lite Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.3.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
permalink_manager_lite_project permalink_manager_lite Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.3.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:permalink_manager_lite_project:permalink_manager_lite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Muhammad Zeeshan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-2472 (GCVE-0-2024-2472)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-14 09:36 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:56
VLAI
Title
LatePoint Plugin <= 4.9.9 - Missing Authorization and Sensitive Information Exposure via IDOR
Summary
The LatePoint Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data and modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'start_or_use_session_for_customer' function in all versions up to and including 4.9.9. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view other customer's cabinets, including the ability to view PII such as email addresses and to change their LatePoint user password, which may or may not be associated with a WordPress account.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-14 13:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
latepoint LatePoint Plugin Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.9.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
latepoint latepoint_plugin Affected: 0 , < 4.9.9.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:latepoint:latepoint_plugin:4.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Gharib Sharifi Joel Aviad Ossi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-2346 (GCVE-0-2024-2346)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-02 16:52 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:04
VLAI
Title
FileBird – WordPress Media Library Folders & File Manager <= 5.6.3 - Authenticated (Author+) Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The FileBird – WordPress Media Library Folders & File Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.6.3 via folder deletion due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author access or higher, to delete folders created by other users and make their file uploads visible. CVE-2024-35166 may be a duplicate of this issue.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-02 18:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Tim Coen
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-2261 (GCVE-0-2024-2261)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 18:58 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:44
VLAI
Title
Event Tickets and Registration <= 5.8.2 - Improper Authorization to Information Disclosure
Summary
The Event Tickets and Registration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.2 via the RSVP functionality. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor access and above, to extract sensitive data including emails and street addresses.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-25 18:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
stellarwp Event Tickets and Registration Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.8.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Tim Coen
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-1744 (GCVE-0-2024-1744)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-06 12:13 – Updated: 2026-06-03 14:19
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Ariva Computer's Accord ORS
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, Missing Authorization vulnerability in Ariva Computer Accord ORS allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Accord ORS: before 7.3.2.1.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-06 12:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ariva Computer Accord ORS Affected: 0 , < 7.3.2.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ariva_computer accord_ors Affected: 0 , < 7.3.2.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:ariva_computer:accord_ors:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mustafa Anıl YILDIRIM
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-1693 (GCVE-0-2024-1693)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-09 20:03 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:37
VLAI
Title
SP Project & Document Manager <= 4.70 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary Folder Name Update
Summary
The SP Project & Document Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the cdm_save_category AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 4.70. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary folder name that do not belong to them.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-10 13:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
smartypants SP Project & Document Manager Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.70 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
fewwords huang
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-1640 (GCVE-0-2024-1640)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-13 15:26 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:50
VLAI
Title
Contact Form Builder Plugin: Multi Step Contact Form, Payment Form, Custom Contact Form Plugin by Bit Form <= 2.10.1 - Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference to Form Submission Alteration
Summary
The Contact Form Builder Plugin: Multi Step Contact Form, Payment Form, Custom Contact Form Plugin by Bit Form plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a insufficient user validation on the bitforms_update_form_entry AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 2.10.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify form submissions.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-13 18:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2438 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Lucio Sá
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-1626 (GCVE-0-2024-1626)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-31 11:05
VLAI
Title
IDOR Vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability exists in the lunary-ai/lunary repository, version 0.3.0, within the project update endpoint. The vulnerability allows authenticated users to modify the name of any project within the system without proper authorization checks, by directly referencing the project's ID in the PATCH request to the '/v1/projects/:projectId' endpoint. This issue arises because the endpoint does not verify if the provided project ID belongs to the currently authenticated user, enabling unauthorized modifications across different organizational projects.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-20 16:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntr_ai CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 38 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lunary-ai lunary-ai/lunary Affected: unspecified , < 1.0.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
lunary-ai lunary Affected: *
    cpe:2.3:a:lunary-ai:lunary:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
    "assignerShortName": "@huntr_ai",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-1626",
    "datePublished": "2024-04-16T00:00:14.496Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-02-19T12:40:22.585Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-01-31T11:05:20.240Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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