Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-5166 (GCVE-0-2024-5166)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-22 16:11 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference In Looker
Summary
An Insecure Direct Object Reference in Google Cloud's Looker allowed metadata exposure across authenticated Looker users sharing the same LookML model.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-22 19:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Google Cloud | Looker |
Affected:
23.18
Affected: 23.20 Affected: 24.0 Affected: 24.2 Affected: 24.4 Affected: 24.6 Affected: 24.8 Affected: 24.10 Affected: 24.12 Affected: 24.14 Affected: 24.16 Affected: 24.18 Affected: 24.20 |
Date Public
2024-02-15 08:00
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CVE-2024-5131 (GCVE-0-2024-5131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-06 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-03 18:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Access Control in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
An Improper Access Control vulnerability exists in the lunary-ai/lunary repository, affecting versions up to and including 1.2.2. The vulnerability allows unauthorized users to view any prompts in any projects by supplying a specific prompt ID to an endpoint that does not adequately verify the ownership of the prompt ID. This issue was fixed in version 1.2.25.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-07 19:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.2.25
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.2
(custom)
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CVE-2024-5128 (GCVE-0-2024-5128)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-06 18:08 – Updated: 2024-11-03 18:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR Vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability was identified in lunary-ai/lunary, affecting versions up to and including 1.2.2. This vulnerability allows unauthorized users to view, update, or delete any dataset_prompt or dataset_prompt_variation within any dataset or project. The issue stems from improper access control checks in the dataset management endpoints, where direct references to object IDs are not adequately secured against unauthorized access. This vulnerability was fixed in version 1.2.25.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-06 20:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.2.25
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.2
(custom)
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CVE-2024-4874 (GCVE-0-2024-4874)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-22 04:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bricks Builder <= 1.9.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The Bricks Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.8 via the postId parameter due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to modify posts and pages created by other users including admins. As a requirement for this, an admin would have to enable access to the editor specifically for such a user or enable it for all users with a certain user account type.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-22 16:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BricksBuilder | Bricks Builder |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.9.8
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-4873 (GCVE-0-2024-4873)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-19 03:12 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Replace Image <= 1.1.10 - Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The Replace Image plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.10 via the image replacement functionality due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Author-level access and above, to replace images uploaded by higher level users such as admins.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-20 15:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aspengrovestudios | Replace Image |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.1.10
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-4843 (GCVE-0-2024-4843)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-16 06:04 – Updated: 2024-08-01 20:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
ePO doesn't allow a regular privileged user to delete tasks or assignments. Insecure direct object references that allow a least privileged user to manipulate the client task and client task assignments, hence escalating his/her privilege.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-16 17:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trellix | ePolicy Orchestrator |
Affected:
versions previous to ePO 5.10 Service Pack 1 Update 2
|
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CVE-2024-4538 (GCVE-0-2024-4538)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-07 11:35 – Updated: 2024-08-01 20:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR vulnerability in Janto Ticketing Software
Summary
IDOR vulnerability in Janto Ticketing Software affecting version 4.3r10. This vulnerability could allow a remote user to obtain a user's event ticket by creating a specific request with the ticket reference ID, leading to the exposure of sensitive user data.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-07 17:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Impronta | Janto Ticketing Software |
Affected:
4.3r10.cks
|
|
| impronta | janto_ticketing_system |
Affected:
4.3r10
cpe:2.3:a:impronta:janto_ticketing_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-05-06 10:00
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CVE-2024-4537 (GCVE-0-2024-4537)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-07 11:35 – Updated: 2024-08-01 20:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR vulnerability in Janto Ticketing Software
Summary
IDOR vulnerability in Janto Ticketing Software affecting version 4.3r10. This vulnerability could allow a remote user to obtain the download URL of another user to obtain the purchased ticket.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-07 13:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Impronta | Janto Ticketing Software |
Affected:
4.3r10.cks
|
|
| impronta | janto_ticketing_system |
Affected:
4.3r10.cks
cpe:2.3:a:impronta:janto_ticketing_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-05-06 10:00
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CVE-2024-4464 (GCVE-0-2024-4464)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-18 06:00 – Updated: 2024-12-18 16:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability in streaming service in Synology Media Server before 1.4-2680, 2.0.5-3152 and 2.2.0-3325 allows remote attackers to read specific files via unspecified vectors.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-18 16:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Synology | Media Server |
Affected:
* , < 2.0.5-3152
(semver)
Affected: * , < 2.2.0-3325 (semver) Affected: * , < 1.4-2680 (semver) |
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CVE-2024-4341 (GCVE-0-2024-4341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-08 13:46 – Updated: 2026-06-03 14:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in ExtremePacs's Extreme XDS
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, Missing Authorization vulnerability in ExtremePacs Extreme XDS allows Collect Data as Provided by Users.
This issue affects Extreme XDS: before 3928.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-08 17:52 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-0893 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ExtremePacs | Extreme XDS |
Affected:
0 , < 3928
(custom)
|
|
| extremepacs | extreme_xds |
Affected:
0 , < 3928
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:extremepacs:extreme_xds:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.