Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-8158 (GCVE-0-2024-8158)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-25 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-26 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
User impersonation for lib9p based 9p fileservers
Summary
A bug in the 9p authentication implementation within lib9p allows an attacker with an existing valid user within the configured auth server to impersonate any other valid filesystem user.
This is due to lib9p not properly verifying that the uname given in the Tauth and Tattach 9p messages matches the client UID returned from the factotum authentication handshake.
The only filesystem making use of these functions within the base 9front systems is the experimental hjfs disk filesystem, other disk filesystems (cwfs and gefs) are not affected by this bug.
This bug was inherited from Plan 9 and is present in all versions of 9front and is remedied fully in commit 9645ae07eb66a59015e3e118d0024790c37400da.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-26 15:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://git.9front.org/plan9front/plan9front/07aa… | patch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2024-08-24 21:58
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CVE-2024-8123 (GCVE-0-2024-8123)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-04 06:49 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended <= 3.0.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.8 via the duplicate_post function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to duplicate posts written by other authors including admins. This includes the ability to duplicate password-protected posts, which reveals their contents.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-04 13:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wpextended | The Ultimate WordPress Toolkit – WP Extended |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.0.8
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-8040 (GCVE-0-2024-8040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 11:28 – Updated: 2024-10-16 16:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability affecting 3DSwym in 3DSwymer on Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x
Summary
An authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability affecting 3DSwym in 3DSwymer on Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x allows an authenticated attacker to access some unauthorized data.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-16 16:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dassault Systèmes | 3DSwymer |
Affected:
Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x Golden , ≤ Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x.FP.CFA.2414
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-7848 (GCVE-0-2024-7848)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-22 10:58 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
User Private Files <= 2.1.0 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Private File Access
Summary
The User Private Files – WordPress File Sharing Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.0 via the 'dpk_upvf_update_doc' due to missing validation on the 'docid' user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to gain access to other user's private files.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-22 13:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| deepakkite | File Sharing & Download Manager – User Private Files |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.1.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-7476 (GCVE-0-2024-7476)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:09 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Broken Access Control in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
A broken access control vulnerability exists in lunary-ai/lunary versions 1.2.7 through 1.4.2. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to modify any user's templates by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to the /v1/templates/{id}/versions endpoint. This issue is resolved in version 1.4.3.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-20 17:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.4.3
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-7474 (GCVE-0-2024-7474)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-29 12:46 – Updated: 2025-01-09 17:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
In version 1.3.2 of lunary-ai/lunary, an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability exists. A user can view or delete external users by manipulating the 'id' parameter in the request URL. The application does not perform adequate checks on the 'id' parameter, allowing unauthorized access to external user data.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-29 13:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.3.4
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary |
Affected:
0 , < 1.3.4
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CVE-2024-7473 (GCVE-0-2024-7473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-29 12:48 – Updated: 2024-11-03 18:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR Vulnerability in lunary-ai/lunary
Summary
An IDOR vulnerability exists in the 'Evaluations' function of the 'umgws datasets' section in lunary-ai/lunary versions 1.3.2. This vulnerability allows an authenticated user to update other users' prompts by manipulating the 'id' parameter in the request. The issue is fixed in version 1.4.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-29 13:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lunary-ai | lunary-ai/lunary |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.4.3
(custom)
|
|
| lunary-ai | lunary |
Affected:
0 , < 1.4.3
(custom)
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CVE-2024-7041 (GCVE-0-2024-7041)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-09 19:57 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in open-webui/open-webui
Summary
An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability exists in open-webui/open-webui version v0.3.8. The vulnerability occurs in the API endpoint `http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/v1/memories/{id}/update`, where the decentralization design is flawed, allowing attackers to edit other users' memories without proper authorization.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-09 20:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-webui | open-webui/open-webui |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
|
| open-webui | open-webui |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.3.8
(custom)
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"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/6855227f-1237-47b8-8d37-29aad7ddec3a"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "6855227f-1237-47b8-8d37-29aad7ddec3a",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "IDOR in open-webui/open-webui"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2024-7041",
"datePublished": "2024-10-09T19:57:41.184Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-07-23T18:22:53.922Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-15T12:50:35.629Z",
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CVE-2024-7040 (GCVE-0-2024-7040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:09 – Updated: 2026-07-16 15:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.
Show details on NVD website{
"containers": {
"cna": {
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"dateUpdated": "2026-07-16T15:37:19.029Z",
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"datePublished": "2025-03-20T10:09:45.114Z",
"dateRejected": "2026-07-16T15:37:19.029Z",
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CVE-2024-6685 (GCVE-0-2024-6685)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-16 21:33 – Updated: 2024-09-17 15:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 16.7 prior to 17.1.7, 17.2 prior to 17.2.5, and 17.3 prior to 17.3.2, where group runners information was disclosed to unauthorised group members.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-17 15:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/472012 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/2584372 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
Impacted products
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"repo": "git://git@gitlab.com:gitlab-org/gitlab.git",
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"credits": [
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"type": "finder",
"value": "Thanks [ashish_r_padelkar](https://hackerone.com/ashish_r_padelkar) for reporting this vulnerability through our HackerOne bug bounty program"
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"metrics": [
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"cvssV3_1": {
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 3.1,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
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"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
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"tags": [
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"title": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab"
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.