Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-25983 (GCVE-0-2024-25983)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-19 16:32 – Updated: 2024-08-01 23:52
VLAI
Title
Msa-24-0006: idor on dashboard comments block
Summary
Insufficient checks in a web service made it possible to add comments to the comments block on another user's dashboard when it was not otherwise available (e.g., on their profile page).
Severity
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-02-20 18:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
fedora CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 69/100 over 44 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 4.3.0 , < 4.3.3 (semver)
Affected: 4.2.0 , < 4.2.6 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 4.1.9 (semver)
Date Public
2024-02-19 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank BA7MAN for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-23112 (GCVE-0-2024-23112)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 15:09 – Updated: 2024-08-01 22:51
VLAI
Summary
An authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability [CWE-639] in FortiOS version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1, 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, 7.0.1 through 7.0.13, 6.4.7 through 6.4.14, and FortiProxy version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, 7.0.0 through 7.0.14 SSL-VPN may allow an authenticated attacker to gain access to another user’s bookmark via URL manipulation.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-16 04:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Improper access control
Assigner
fortinet CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 47 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiOS Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.6 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.1 , ≤ 7.0.13 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.7 , ≤ 6.4.14 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiProxy Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.2 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.8 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.14 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortios Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortios Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortios Affected: 7.0.1 , ≤ 7.0.13 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortios Affected: 6.4.7 , ≤ 6.4.14 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortiproxy Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortiproxy Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.8 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortiproxy Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.14 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-22455 (GCVE-0-2024-22455)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-14 07:01 – Updated: 2024-10-30 15:06
VLAI
Summary
Dell Mobility - E-Lab Navigator, version(s) 3.1.9, 3.2.0, contain(s) an Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Launch of phishing attacks.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-07 20:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
dell CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 520 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Mobility - E-Lab Navigator Affected: 3.1.9 , ≤ 3.2.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-02-13 06:30
Credits
iow1n3r
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-22439 (GCVE-0-2024-22439)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-15 10:08 – Updated: 2024-08-01 22:43
VLAI
Title
Certain HPE FlexNetwork and FlexFabric Switches, Remote Authentication Bypass
Summary
A potential security vulnerability has been identified in HPE FlexFabric and FlexNetwork series products. This vulnerability could be exploited to gain privileged access to switches resulting in information disclosure.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-17 20:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
hpe CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 56/100 over 385 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Hewlett Packard Enterprise HPE FlexNetwork and FlexFabric products Affected: See security bulletin HPESBNW04625 for details
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-04-11 09:59
Credits
Zhuo Zixiao and Alwen Tiu of Australian National University (ANU)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-22305 (GCVE-0-2024-22305)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-31 11:49 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Contact Form builder with drag & drop - Kali Forms Plugin <= 2.3.36 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ali Forms Contact Form builder with drag & drop for WordPress – Kali Forms.This issue affects Contact Form builder with drag & drop for WordPress – Kali Forms: from n/a through 2.3.36.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Revan Arifio (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-22206 (GCVE-0-2024-22206)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-12 20:07 – Updated: 2024-11-14 15:42
VLAI
Title
@clerk/nextjs auth() and getAuth() methods vulnerable to insecure direct object reference (IDOR)
Summary
Clerk helps developers build user management. Unauthorized access or privilege escalation due to a logic flaw in auth() in the App Router or getAuth() in the Pages Router. This vulnerability was patched in version 4.29.3.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-14 15:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
clerk javascript Affected: >= 4.7.0, < 4.29.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-21759 (GCVE-0-2024-21759)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 15:33 – Updated: 2024-08-01 22:27
VLAI
Summary
An authorization bypass through user-controlled key in Fortinet FortiPortal version 7.2.0, and versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.6 allows attacker to view unauthorized resources via HTTP or HTTPS requests.
Severity
3.9 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-09 17:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Improper access control
Assigner
fortinet CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 47 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiPortal Affected: 7.2.0
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
fortinet fortiportal Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.6 (custom)
Affected: 7.2.0 , < 7.2.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiportal:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiportal:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-20513 (GCVE-0-2024-20513)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-02 18:23 – Updated: 2025-06-04 20:19
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the Cisco AnyConnect VPN server of Cisco Meraki MX and Cisco Meraki Z Series Teleworker Gateway devices could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a DoS condition for targeted users of the AnyConnect service on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient entropy for handlers that are used during SSL VPN session establishment. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by brute forcing valid session handlers. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by connecting to the AnyConnect VPN service of an affected device to retrieve a valid session handler and, based on that handler, predict further valid session handlers. The attacker would then send a crafted HTTPS request using the brute-forced or predicted session handler to the AnyConnect VPN server of the device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to terminate targeted SSL VPN sessions, forcing remote users to initiate new VPN connections and reauthenticate.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-02 19:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
cisco CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 434 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-13887 (GCVE-0-2024-13887)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-13 03:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:33
VLAI
Title
Business Directory Plugin - Easy Listing Directories for WordPress <= 6.4.14 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Listing Arbitrary Image Addition
Summary
The Business Directory Plugin – Easy Listing Directories for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 6.4.14 via the 'ajax_listing_submit_image_upload' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to add arbitrary images to listings.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-14 13:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Rein Daelman
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-13873 (GCVE-0-2024-13873)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-22 03:20 – Updated: 2026-06-03 14:31
VLAI
Title
WP Job Portal <= 2.2.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) User Photo Disconnection
Summary
The WP Job Portal – A Complete Recruitment System for Company or Job Board website plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.8 via the deleteUserPhoto() function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to remove profile photos from users accounts. Please note that this does not officially delete the file.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-22 15:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Tran Van Nhan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The WP Job Portal \u2013 A Complete Recruitment System for Company or Job Board website plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.8 via the deleteUserPhoto() function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to remove profile photos from users accounts. Please note that this does not officially delete the file."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:56:27.214Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5fdba3c5-382e-4d2b-83d8-0e0cebf2e63c?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3242653/wp-job-portal/tags/2.2.9/includes/classes/uploads.php?old=3238353\u0026old_path=wp-job-portal%2Ftags%2F2.2.8%2Fincludes%2Fclasses%2Fuploads.php"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-02-21T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "WP Job Portal \u003c= 2.2.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) User Photo Disconnection"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-13873",
    "datePublished": "2025-02-22T03:20:59.210Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-02-13T18:05:26.299Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T14:31:51.748Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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