Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-13372 (GCVE-0-2024-13372)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-01 07:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:28
VLAI
Title
WP Job Portal <= 2.2.6 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Unauthenticated Arbitrary Resume Download
Summary
The WP Job Portal – A Complete Recruitment System for Company or Job Board website plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.6 via the getresumefiledownloadbyid() and getallresumefiles() functions due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to download users resumes without the appropriate authorization to do so.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-03 16:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Tran Van Nhan
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-13175 (GCVE-0-2024-13175)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-18 14:01 – Updated: 2026-06-01 12:32
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Vidco Software's VOC TESTER
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Vidco Software VOC TESTER allows Forceful Browsing. This issue affects VOC TESTER: before 12.41.0.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-18 14:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Vidco Software VOC TESTER Affected: 0 , < 12.41.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Berfim BABAYIGIT Havelsan Inc.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-13063 (GCVE-0-2024-13063)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 08:33 – Updated: 2026-06-01 12:41
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Akinsoft's MyRezzta
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Akinsoft MyRezzta allows Forceful Browsing. This issue affects MyRezzta: from s2.02.02 before v2.05.01.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-03 13:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Akinsoft MyRezzta Affected: s2.02.02 , < v2.05.01 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-09-03 08:31
Credits
Berat ARSLAN
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-13040 (GCVE-0-2024-13040)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-31 01:35 – Updated: 2024-12-31 15:54
VLAI
Title
Quanta Computer QOCA aim - Authorization Bypass
Summary
The QOCA aim from Quanta Computer has an Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability. By controlling the user ID parameter, remote attackers with regular privileges could access certain features as any user, modify any user's account information and privileges, leading to privilege escalation.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-31 15:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
twcert CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 96 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2024-12-31 01:33
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12880 (GCVE-0-2024-12880)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:09 – Updated: 2025-10-15 12:49
VLAI
Title
Partial Account Takeover due to Insecure Data Querying in infiniflow/ragflow
Summary
A vulnerability in infiniflow/ragflow version RAGFlow-0.13.0 allows for partial account takeover via insecure data querying. The issue arises from the way tenant IDs are handled in the application. If a user has access to multiple tenants, they can manipulate their tenant access to query and access API tokens of other tenants. This vulnerability affects the following endpoints: /v1/system/token_list, /v1/system/new_token, /v1/api/token_list, /v1/api/new_token, and /v1/api/rm. An attacker can exploit this to access other tenants' API tokens, perform actions on behalf of other tenants, and access their data.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-20 17:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntr_ai CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 38 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
infiniflow infiniflow/ragflow Affected: unspecified , ≤ latest (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12483 (GCVE-0-2024-12483)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-11 20:00 – Updated: 2024-12-11 21:27
VLAI
Title
Dromara UJCMS User ID id authorization
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Dromara UJCMS up to 9.6.3. This affects an unknown part of the file /users/id of the component User ID Handler. The manipulation leads to authorization bypass. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-11 21:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3854 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dromara UJCMS Affected: 9.6.0
Affected: 9.6.1
Affected: 9.6.2
Affected: 9.6.3
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
vastzero (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12472 (GCVE-0-2024-12472)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-11 02:20 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:44
VLAI
Title
Post Duplicator <= 2.36 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Protected Post Disclosure
Summary
The Post Duplicator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.36 via the mtphr_duplicate_post() function due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be duplicated. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract data from password protected, private, or draft posts that they should not have access to by duplicating the post.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-13 19:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
metaphorcreations Post Duplicator Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.36 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Craig Smith
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12447 (GCVE-0-2024-12447)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-14 04:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:20
VLAI
Title
Get Post Content Shortcode <= 0.4 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Contributor+) Sensitive Information Disclosure via post_content Shortcode
Summary
The Get Post Content Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 0.4 via the 'post-content' shortcode due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to read the content of password-protected, private, draft, and pending posts.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-16 19:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webdeveric Get Post Content Shortcode Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12335 (GCVE-0-2024-12335)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-25 06:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:48
VLAI
Title
Avada Builder <= 3.11.12 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Protected Post Disclosure
Summary
The Avada (Fusion) Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.11.12 via the handle_clone_post() function and the 'fusion_blog' shortcode and due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be included. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to extract data from password protected, private, or draft posts that they should not have access to.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-26 19:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
themefusion Avada (Fusion) Builder Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.11.12 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Craig Smith
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-12309 (GCVE-0-2024-12309)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-13 08:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:21
VLAI
Title
Rate My Post – Star Rating Plugin by FeedbackWP <= 4.2.4 - Unauthenticated Voting On Scheduled Posts
Summary
The Rate My Post – Star Rating Plugin by FeedbackWP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.4 via the get_post_status() due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to vote on unpublished scheduled posts.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-16 15:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2450 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Hay Mizrachi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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