Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-31291 (GCVE-0-2024-31291)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-07 18:08 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress ProfileGrid plugin <= 5.7.6 - IDOR on Friend Request vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Metagauss ProfileGrid.This issue affects ProfileGrid : from n/a through 5.7.6.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-16 18:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/pro… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metagauss | ProfileGrid |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 5.7.6
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-31095 (GCVE-0-2024-31095)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-31 18:21 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Thumbs Rating plugin <= 5.1.0 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Ricard Torres Thumbs Rating.This issue affects Thumbs Rating: from n/a through 5.1.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-01 18:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/thu… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ricard Torres | Thumbs Rating |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 5.1.0
(custom)
|
|
| richard_torres | thumbs_rating |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.1.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:richard_torres:thumbs_rating:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-30543 (GCVE-0-2024-30543)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-31 18:24 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Whizzy plugin <= 1.1.18 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in UPQODE Whizz.This issue affects Whizzy: from n/a through 1.1.18.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-01 20:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/whi… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-30513 (GCVE-0-2024-30513)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 15:50 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress ProfileGrid plugin <= 5.7.2 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Metagauss ProfileGrid.This issue affects ProfileGrid : from n/a through 5.7.2.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-29 19:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/pro… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metagauss | ProfileGrid |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 5.7.2
(custom)
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CVE-2024-30507 (GCVE-0-2024-30507)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 14:15 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Molongui Authorship plugin <= 4.7.7 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Molongui.This issue affects Molongui: from n/a through 4.7.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-29 17:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/mol… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-29194 (GCVE-0-2024-29194)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-24 19:04 – Updated: 2024-08-13 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OneUptime Vulnerable to a Privilege Escalation via Local Storage Key Manipulation
Summary
OneUptime is a solution for monitoring and managing online services. The vulnerability lies in the improper validation of client-side stored data within the web application. Specifically, the is_master_admin key, stored in the local storage of the browser, can be manipulated by an attacker. By changing this key from false to true, the application grants administrative privileges to the user, without proper server-side validation. This has been patched in 7.0.1815.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-25 18:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OneUptime/oneuptime/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/OneUptime/oneuptime/commit/140… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-29181 (GCVE-0-2024-29181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-12 14:46 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@strapi/plugin-content-manager leaks data via relations via the Admin Panel
Summary
Strapi is an open-source content management system. Prior to version 4.19.1, a super admin can create a collection where an item in the collection has an association to another collection. When this happens, another user with Author Role can see the list of associated items they did not create. They should see nothing but their own items they created not all items ever created. Users should upgrade @strapi/plugin-content-manager to version 4.19.1 to receive a patch.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-12 15:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/e1dfd4d9f… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-29024 (GCVE-0-2024-29024)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 14:45 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JumpServer Direct Object Reference (IDOR) Vulnerability in File Manager Bulk Transfer Functionality
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system.
An authenticated user can exploit the Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the file manager's bulk transfer by manipulating job IDs to upload malicious files, potentially compromising the integrity and security of the system. This vulnerability is fixed in v3.10.6.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-29 15:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, <= 3.10.5
|
|
| fit2cloud | jumpserver |
Affected:
3.0.0 , ≤ 3.10.5
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:fit2cloud:jumpserver:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-29020 (GCVE-0-2024-29020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 14:46 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JumpServer allows nn authorized attacker to get sensitive information in playbook files when playbook_id is leaked
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. An authorized attacker can obtain sensitive information contained within playbook files if they manage to learn the playbook_id of another user. This breach of confidentiality can lead to information disclosure and exposing sensitive data. This vulnerability is fixed in v3.10.6.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-29 17:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, <= 3.10.5
|
|
| fit2cloud | jumpserver |
Affected:
3.0.0 , ≤ 3.10.5
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:fit2cloud:jumpserver:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-27302 (GCVE-0-2024-27302)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-06 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-05 20:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in go-zero
Summary
go-zero is a web and rpc framework. Go-zero allows user to specify a CORS Filter with a configurable allows param - which is an array of domains allowed in CORS policy. However, the `isOriginAllowed` uses `strings.HasSuffix` to check the origin, which leads to bypass via a malicious domain. This vulnerability is capable of breaking CORS policy and thus allowing any page to make requests and/or retrieve data on behalf of other users. Version 1.4.4 fixes this issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-05 20:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/commit/d9d79… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.