Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-46982 (GCVE-0-2024-46982)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-17 21:55 – Updated: 2024-09-18 13:45
VLAI
Title
Cache Poisoning in next.js
Summary
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. By sending a crafted HTTP request, it is possible to poison the cache of a non-dynamic server-side rendered route in the pages router (this does not affect the app router). When this crafted request is sent it could coerce Next.js to cache a route that is meant to not be cached and send a `Cache-Control: s-maxage=1, stale-while-revalidate` header which some upstream CDNs may cache as well. To be potentially affected all of the following must apply: 1. Next.js between 13.5.1 and 14.2.9, 2. Using pages router, & 3. Using non-dynamic server-side rendered routes e.g. `pages/dashboard.tsx` not `pages/blog/[slug].tsx`. This vulnerability was resolved in Next.js v13.5.7, v14.2.10, and later. We recommend upgrading regardless of whether you can reproduce the issue or not. There are no official or recommended workarounds for this issue, we recommend that users patch to a safe version.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-18 13:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vercel next.js Affected: >= 13.5.1, < 13.5.7
Affected: >= 14.0.0, < 14.2.10
Create a notification for this product.
vercel next.js Affected: 13.5.1 , < 13.5.7 (custom)
Affected: 14.0.0 , < 14.2.10 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45806 (GCVE-0-2024-45806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-19 23:34 – Updated: 2024-09-20 17:28
VLAI
Title
Potential manipulate `x-envoy` headers from external sources in envoy
Summary
Envoy is a cloud-native high-performance edge/middle/service proxy. A security vulnerability in Envoy allows external clients to manipulate Envoy headers, potentially leading to unauthorized access or other malicious actions within the mesh. This issue arises due to Envoy's default configuration of internal trust boundaries, which considers all RFC1918 private address ranges as internal. The default behavior for handling internal addresses in Envoy has been changed. Previously, RFC1918 IP addresses were automatically considered internal, even if the internal_address_config was empty. The default configuration of Envoy will continue to trust internal addresses while in this release and it will not trust them by default in next release. If you have tooling such as probes on your private network which need to be treated as trusted (e.g. changing arbitrary x-envoy headers) please explicitly include those addresses or CIDR ranges into `internal_address_config`. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security controls, access sensitive data, or disrupt services within the mesh, like Istio. This issue has been addressed in versions 1.31.2, 1.30.6, 1.29.9, and 1.28.7. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-20 17:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
envoyproxy envoy Affected: >= 1.31.0, < 1.31.2
Affected: >= 1.30.0, < 1.30.6
Affected: >= 1.29.0, < 1.29.9
Affected: < 1.28.7
Create a notification for this product.
envoyproxy envoy Affected: 0 , < 1.28.7 (custom)
Affected: 1.29.0 , < 1.29.9 (custom)
Affected: 1.30.0 , < 1.30.6 (custom)
Affected: 1.31.0 , < 1.31.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:envoyproxy:envoy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45786 (GCVE-0-2024-45786)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-11 11:48 – Updated: 2024-09-11 13:34
VLAI
Title
Improper Authorization Vulnerability
Summary
This vulnerability exists in Reedos aiM-Star version 2.0.1 due to improper access controls on its certain API endpoints. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating a parameter through API request URL which could lead to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information belonging to other users.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-11 13:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
CERT-In CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 23 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45614 (GCVE-0-2024-45614)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-19 22:42 – Updated: 2025-11-03 22:15
VLAI
Title
Header normalization allows for client to clobber proxy set headers in Puma
Summary
Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. In affected versions clients could clobber values set by intermediate proxies (such as X-Forwarded-For) by providing a underscore version of the same header (X-Forwarded_For). Any users relying on proxy set variables is affected. v6.4.3/v5.6.9 now discards any headers using underscores if the non-underscore version also exists. Effectively, allowing the proxy defined headers to always win. Users are advised to upgrade. Nginx has a underscores_in_headers configuration variable to discard these headers at the proxy level as a mitigation. Any users that are implicitly trusting the proxy defined headers for security should immediately cease doing so until upgraded to the fixed versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-20 13:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
puma puma Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.4.3
Affected: < 5.6.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45606 (GCVE-0-2024-45606)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-17 19:43 – Updated: 2024-09-18 13:20
VLAI
Title
Improper authorization on muting of alert rules in sentry
Summary
Sentry is a developer-first error tracking and performance monitoring platform. An authenticated user can mute alert rules from arbitrary organizations and projects with a know rule ID. The user does not need to be a member of the organization or have permissions on the project. In our review, we have identified no instances where alerts have been muted by unauthorized parties. A patch was issued to ensure authorization checks are properly scoped on requests to mute alert rules. Authenticated users who do not have the necessary permissions are no longer able to mute alerts. Sentry SaaS users do not need to take any action. Self-Hosted Sentry users should upgrade to version **24.9.0** or higher. The rule mute feature was generally available as of 23.6.0 but users with early access may have had the feature as of 23.4.0. Affected users are advised to upgrade to version 24.9.0. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-18 13:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getsentry sentry Affected: >=23.4.0, < 24.9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45605 (GCVE-0-2024-45605)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-17 19:44 – Updated: 2024-09-18 13:19
VLAI
Title
Improper authorization on deletion of user issue alert notifications in sentry
Summary
Sentry is a developer-first error tracking and performance monitoring platform. An authenticated user delete the user issue alert notifications for arbitrary users given a know alert ID. A patch was issued to ensure authorization checks are properly scoped on requests to delete user alert notifications. Sentry SaaS users do not need to take any action. Self-Hosted Sentry users should upgrade to version 24.9.0 or higher. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-18 13:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getsentry sentry Affected: >=23.9.0, < 24.9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45329 (GCVE-0-2024-45329)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 16:36 – Updated: 2025-06-10 19:40
VLAI
Summary
A authorization bypass through user-controlled key in Fortinet FortiPortal versions 7.4.0, versions 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, and versions 7.0.0 through 7.0.8 may allow an authenticated attacker to view unauthorized device information via key modification in API requests.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-10 19:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Improper access control
Assigner
fortinet CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 47 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiPortal Affected: 7.4.0
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.5 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.8 (semver)
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Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-45032 (GCVE-0-2024-45032)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-10 09:36 – Updated: 2024-09-10 14:07
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in Industrial Edge Management Pro (All versions < V1.9.5), Industrial Edge Management Virtual (All versions < V2.3.1-1). Affected components do not properly validate the device tokens. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to impersonate other devices onboarded to the system.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-10 14:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
siemens CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 82 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens Industrial Edge Management Pro Affected: 0 , < V1.9.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens Industrial Edge Management Virtual Affected: 0 , < V2.3.1-1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
siemens industrial_edge_management_pro Affected: 0 , < 1.9.5 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:siemens:industrial_edge_management_pro:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
siemens industrial_edge_management_virtual Affected: 0 , < 2.3.1-1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:siemens:industrial_edge_management_virtual:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-43916 (GCVE-0-2024-43916)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-26 20:23 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Zephyr Project Manager plugin <= 3.3.102 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Dylan James Zephyr Project Manager.This issue affects Zephyr Project Manager: from n/a through 3.3.102.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-26 20:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dylan James Zephyr Project Manager Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.3.102 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-43350 (GCVE-0-2024-43350)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-18 21:28 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Propovoice CRM plugin <= 1.7.6.4 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Propovoice Propovoice CRM.This issue affects Propovoice CRM: from n/a through 1.7.6.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-19 14:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Propovoice Propovoice CRM Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.7.6.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
propovoice propovoice_crm Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.7.6.4 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:propovoice:propovoice_crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.