Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-39900 (GCVE-0-2024-39900)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 21:17 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:33
VLAI
Title
OpenSearch Dashboards Reports does not properly restrict access to private tenant resources
Summary
OpenSearch Dashboards Reports allows ‘Report Owner’ export and share reports from OpenSearch Dashboards. An issue in the OpenSearch reporting plugin allows unintended access to private tenant resources like notebooks. The system did not properly check if the user was the resource author when accessing resources in a private tenant, leading to potential data being revealed. The patches are included in OpenSearch 2.14.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-10 16:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
opensearch-project reporting Affected: < 2.14.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-39897 (GCVE-0-2024-39897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 18:48 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:33
VLAI
Title
Cache driver GetBlob() allows read access to any blob without access control check
Summary
zot is an OCI image registry. Prior to 2.1.0, the cache driver `GetBlob()` allows read access to any blob without access control check. If a Zot `accessControl` policy allows users read access to some repositories but restricts read access to other repositories and `dedupe` is enabled (it is enabled by default), then an attacker who knows the name of an image and the digest of a blob (that they do not have read access to), they may maliciously read it via a second repository they do have read access to. This attack is possible because [`ImageStore.CheckBlob()` calls `checkCacheBlob()`](https://github.com/project-zot/zot/blob/v2.1.0-rc2/pkg/storage/imagestore/imagestore.go#L1158-L1159) to find the blob a global cache by searching for the digest. If it is found, it is copied to the user requested repository with `copyBlob()`. The attack may be mitigated by configuring "dedupe": false in the "storage" settings. The vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-10 20:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
project-zot zot Affected: < 2.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-39642 (GCVE-0-2024-39642)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-13 10:47 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress LearnPress plugin <= 4.2.6.8.2 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ThimPress LearnPress allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects LearnPress: from n/a through 4.2.6.8.2.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-13 15:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ThimPress LearnPress Affected: n/a , ≤ 4.2.6.8.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-39321 (GCVE-0-2024-39321)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-05 17:32 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:19
VLAI
Title
Traefik vulnerable to bypassing IP allow-lists via HTTP/3 early data requests in QUIC 0-RTT handshakes
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Versions prior to 2.11.6, 3.0.4, and 3.1.0-rc3 have a vulnerability that allows bypassing IP allow-lists via HTTP/3 early data requests in QUIC 0-RTT handshakes sent with spoofed IP addresses. Versions 2.11.6, 3.0.4, and 3.1.0-rc3 contain a patch for this issue. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-05 20:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
traefik traefik Affected: < 2.11.6
Affected: >= 3.0.0-beta3, < 3.0.4
Affected: >= 3.1.0-rc1, < 3.1.0-rc3
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CVE-2024-39319 (GCVE-0-2024-39319)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-26 16:07 – Updated: 2024-09-26 18:24
VLAI
Title
aimeos/ai-controller-frontend has IDOR vulnerability in account profile page
Summary
aimeos/ai-controller-frontend is the Aimeos frontend controller package for e-commerce projects. Prior to versions 2024.4.2, 2023.10.9, 2022.10.8, 2021.10.8, and 2020.10.15, an insecure direct object reference allows an attacker to disable subscriptions and reviews of another customer. Versions 2024.4.2, 2023.10.9, 2022.10.8, 2021.10.8, and 2020.10.15 fix this issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-26 17:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aimeos ai-controller-frontend Affected: = 2024.04.1
Affected: >= 2023.04.1, < 2023.10.9
Affected: >= 2022.04.1, < 2022.10.8
Affected: >= 2021.04.1, < 2021.10.8
Affected: < 2020.10.15
Create a notification for this product.
aimeos_project ai-controller-frontend Affected: 2024.04.1
Affected: 2023.04.1 , < 2023.10.9 (custom)
Affected: 2022.04.1 , < 2022.10.8 (custom)
Affected: 2021.04.1 , < 2021.10.8 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2020.10.15 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:aimeos_project:ai-controller-frontend:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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CVE-2024-38827 (GCVE-0-2024-38827)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-02 14:32 – Updated: 2025-01-24 20:03
VLAI
Title
Spring Security Authorization Bypass for Case Sensitive Comparisons
Summary
The usage of String.toLowerCase() and String.toUpperCase() has some Locale dependent exceptions that could potentially result in authorization rules not working properly.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-02 15:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
vmware CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 226 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Spring by VMware Tanzu Spring Security Affected: 5.7.0 - 5.7.13, 5.8.0 - 5.8.15, 6.0.0 - 6.0.13, 6.1.0 - 6.1.11, 6.2.0 - 6.2.7, 6.3.0 - 6.3.4, Older unsupported versions are also affected
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Date Public
2024-11-19 14:17
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2024-38701 (GCVE-0-2024-38701)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-22 10:14 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Academy LMS plugin <= 2.0.4 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Academy LMS.This issue affects Academy LMS: from n/a through 2.0.4.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-22 13:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Academy LMS Academy LMS Affected: n/a , ≤ 2.0.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
kodezen academy_lms Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.4 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:kodezen:academy_lms:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
filime (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37889 (GCVE-0-2024-37889)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-14 19:12 – Updated: 2024-08-02 03:57
VLAI
Title
MyFinances Allows Unauthorized Access to Other Customer Data
Summary
MyFinances is a web application for managing finances. MyFinances has a way to access other customer invoices while signed in as a user. This method allows an actor to access PII and financial information from another account. The vulnerability is fixed in 0.4.6.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-14 22:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TreyWW MyFinances Affected: < 0.4.6
Create a notification for this product.
treyww myfinances Affected: 0 , < 0.4.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:treyww:myfinances:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-37277 (GCVE-0-2024-37277)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-01 14:18 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Paid Memberships Pro plugin <= 3.0.4 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Paid Memberships Pro allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Paid Memberships Pro: from n/a through 3.0.4.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-01 18:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Paid Memberships Pro Paid Memberships Pro Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.0.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
paidmembershipspro paid_memberships_pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.0.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:paidmembershipspro:paid_memberships_pro:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-36399 (GCVE-0-2024-36399)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-06 15:15 – Updated: 2024-08-02 03:37
VLAI
Title
Kanboard affected by Project Takeover via IDOR in ProjectPermissionController
Summary
Kanboard is project management software that focuses on the Kanban methodology. The vuln is in app/Controller/ProjectPermissionController.php function addUser(). The users permission to add users to a project only get checked on the URL parameter project_id. If the user is authorized to add users to this project the request gets processed. The users permission for the POST BODY parameter project_id does not get checked again while processing. An attacker with the 'Project Manager' on a single project may take over any other project. The vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.37.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-06 17:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kanboard kanboard Affected: 1.2.37
Create a notification for this product.
kanboard kanboard Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.36 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:kanboard:kanboard:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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