Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-52507 (GCVE-0-2024-52507)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-15 17:24 – Updated: 2024-11-15 18:21
VLAI
Title
Share information of the Nextcloud Tables app is not limited to affected users
Summary
Nextcloud Tables allows users to to create tables with individual columns. The information which Table (numeric ID) is shared with which groups and users and the respective permissions was not limited to affected users. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Tables app is upgraded to 0.8.1.
Severity
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-15 18:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: >= 0.3.0, < 0.8.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2024-52313 (GCVE-0-2024-52313)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-09 00:43 – Updated: 2025-10-14 19:26
VLAI
Title
data.all authenticated users can obtain incorrect object level authorizations
Summary
An authenticated data.all user is able to manipulate a getDataset query to fetch additional information regarding the parent Environment resource that the user otherwise would not able to fetch by directly querying the object via getEnvironment in data.all.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-12 15:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
AMZN CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard A 94/100 over 160 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
amazon data.all Affected: 1.0.0 , ≤ 2.6.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-52294 (GCVE-0-2024-52294)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-30 16:14 – Updated: 2024-12-30 16:52
VLAI
Title
khoj has an IDOR in subscription management that allows unauthorized subscription modifications
Summary
Khoj is a self-hostable artificial intelligence app. Prior to version 1.29.10, an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the update_subscription endpoint allows any authenticated user to manipulate other users' Stripe subscriptions by simply modifying the email parameter in the request. The vulnerability exists in the subscription endpoint at `/api/subscription`. The endpoint uses an email parameter as a direct reference to user subscriptions without verifying object ownership. While authentication is required, there is no authorization check to verify if the authenticated user owns the referenced subscription. The issue was fixed in version 1.29.10. Support for arbitrarily presenting an email for update has been deprecated.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-30 16:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
khoj-ai khoj Affected: < 1.29.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-51559 (GCVE-0-2024-51559)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-04 12:20 – Updated: 2024-11-22 11:56
VLAI
Title
Improper Access Control Vulnerability in Wave 2.0
Summary
This vulnerability exists in the Wave 2.0 due to improper authorization checks on certain API endpoints. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating API input parameters to gain unauthorized access and perform malicious activities on other user accounts.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-04 15:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
CERT-In CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 23 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
This vulnerability is reported by Mohit Gadiya.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50483 (GCVE-0-2024-50483)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-28 12:29 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:23
VLAI
Title
WordPress Meetup plugin <= 0.1 - Broken Authentication vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Tareq Hasan Meetup meetup allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects Meetup: from n/a through <= 0.1.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-28 16:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Tareq Hasan Meetup Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
meetup meetup Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:meetup:meetup:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:28
Credits
Bonds | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50395 (GCVE-0-2024-50395)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 16:48
VLAI
Title
Media Streaming add-on
Summary
An authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability has been reported to affect Media Streaming add-on. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow local network attackers to gain privilege. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Media Streaming add-on 500.1.1.6 ( 2024/08/02 ) and later
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-22 16:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
qnap CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 86/100 over 63 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. Media Streaming add-on Affected: 500.1.x , < 500.1.1.6 ( 2024/08/02 ) (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
qnap media_streaming_add-on Affected: 500.1.0 , < 500.1.1.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:qnap:media_streaming_add-on:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Dohwan KIM (neko_hat from TeamH4C)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49388 (GCVE-0-2024-49388)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-15 10:34 – Updated: 2024-10-15 12:47
VLAI
Summary
Sensitive information manipulation due to improper authorization. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect 16 (Linux, Windows) before build 38690.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-15 12:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Acronis CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 68/100 over 18 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Acronis Acronis Cyber Protect 16 Affected: unspecified , < 38690 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-47657 (GCVE-0-2024-47657)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-04 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-04 13:34
VLAI
Title
Improper Access Control Vulnerability
Summary
This vulnerability exists in the Shilpi Net Back Office due to improper access controls on certain API endpoints. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating a parameter dfclientid through API request URLs which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information belonging to other users.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-04 13:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
CERT-In CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 23 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
This vulnerability is reported by Mohit Gadiya.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-47495 (GCVE-0-2024-47495)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-11 15:27 – Updated: 2024-10-11 17:46
VLAI
Title
Junos OS Evolved: In a dual-RE scenario a locally authenticated attacker with shell privileges can take over the device.
Summary
An Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability allows a locally authenticated attacker with shell access to gain full control of the device when Dual Routing Engines (REs) are in use on Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved devices. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved with dual-REs: * All versions before 21.2R3-S8-EVO, * from 21.4-EVO before 21.4R3-S8-EVO, * from 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S4-EVO, * from 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO, * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-S3-EVO, * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-S1-EVO, * from 23.4-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:L/U:Green
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-11 17:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
juniper CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 193 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://kb.juniper.net/JSA88122 vendor-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved Affected: 0 , < 21.2R3-S8-EVO (semver)
Affected: 21.4-EVO , < 21.4R3-S8-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.2-EVO , < 22.2R3-S4-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.3-EVO , < 22.3R3-S4-EVO (semver)
Affected: 22.4-EVO , < 22.4R3-S3-EVO (semver)
Affected: 23.2-EVO , < 23.2R2-S1-EVO (semver)
Affected: 23.4-EVO , < 23.4R2-S1-EVO (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
juniper junos_evolved Affected: 0 , < 21.2r3-s8-evo (semver)
Affected: 21.4 , < 21.4r3-s8-evo (semver)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2r3-s4-evo (semver)
Affected: 22.3 , < 22.3r3-s4-evo (semver)
Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4r3-s3-evo (semver)
Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2r2-s1-evo (semver)
Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4r2-s1-evo (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos_evolved:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-10-09 16:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-47316 (GCVE-0-2024-47316)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-05 12:27 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Salon Booking Wordpress Plugin plugin <= 10.9 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Dimitri Grassi Salon booking system salon-booking-system.This issue affects Salon booking system: from n/a through <= 10.9.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-07 14:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dimitri Grassi Salon booking system Affected: 0 , ≤ 10.9 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:27
Credits
Sharanabasappa | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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