Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
455 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-47341 (GCVE-0-2026-47341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 13:17 – Updated: 2026-06-22 16:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache APISIX: Session replay issue in hmac-auth
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
Attacker can benefit from certain configurations in hmac-auth to re-use a token forever, bypassing expiry.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.11.0 through 3.16.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 16:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/ob6ng9x2hxtyfojs8… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache APISIX |
Affected:
3.11.0 , ≤ 3.16.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-47133 (GCVE-0-2026-47133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 21:12 – Updated: 2026-07-21 14:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ClearanceKit's signed policy tables lack monotonic counter, allowing replay of older legitimately-signed snapshots
Summary
ClearanceKit intercepts file-system access events on macOS and enforces per-process access policies. Prior to version 5.0.10, each table in the on-disk SQLite policy store (`/Library/Application Support/clearancekit/store.db`) is verified using an ECDSA signature stored in the `data_signatures` table. The signed payload contains only the canonical row content, with no version counter or freshness binding. An attacker who can write `store.db` and the matching `data_signatures` row — feasible during the opfilter-update window when the Endpoint Security filter is offline, or via offline-boot / decrypted-backup scenarios — can substitute a previously-captured legitimately-signed snapshot. opfilter accepts the older snapshot as fully valid on next boot because the existing signatures still verify. Version 5.0.10 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 14:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craigjbass/clearancekit/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| craigjbass | clearancekit |
Affected:
< 5.0.10
|
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CVE-2026-46538 (GCVE-0-2026-46538)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 21:56 – Updated: 2026-05-28 12:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft UFO accepts cross-device TASK_END messages by session_id only, allowing peer task-result injection
Summary
Microsoft UFO open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. In 3.0.1-4-ge2626659, Microsoft UFO's constellation client tracks pending task responses by session_id only and does not verify that a TASK_END message came from the device that originally received the task. When the constellation sends a task to a target device, it records a pending Future under a session key. The pending task record stores the expected device ID, but the completion path ignores that binding. If another authenticated peer device sends a forged TASK_END with the same session_id, the constellation accepts the response and completes the victim device's pending Future with attacker-controlled result data. This is an authenticated cross-device task-result injection issue.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-28 12:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/microsoft/UFO/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-46369 (GCVE-0-2026-46369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 19:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nimiq: Validity store off by one error
Summary
Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_valid_at, allowing a remote attacker to replay the same signed transaction during a blocks_per_batch minus one block window and cause the sender and recipient balances to be updated twice. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 15:22 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nimiq | core-rs-albatross |
Affected:
< 1.5.1
|
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CVE-2026-45720 (GCVE-0-2026-45720)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 19:40 – Updated: 2026-09-17 20:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Omni: TOCTOU race condition allows multiple concurrent uses of a single-use SAML session token
Summary
Omni manages Kubernetes on bare metal, virtual machines, or in a cloud. Prior to 1.6.6 and from 1.7.0 until 1.7.3, SAML.getSession in internal/pkg/auth/interceptor/saml.go checks SAMLAssertion.Used and marks it used in separate state operations. Concurrent requests carrying the same captured saml-session token can each observe the assertion as unused and obtain authentication as the victim before either update is visible. The attacker can invoke SAML-protected gRPC endpoints, use ConfirmPublicKey to create multiple persistent credentials tied to the victim, and generate audit entries attributed to the victim, with the resulting access potentially affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability according to the victim's privileges. This issue is fixed in versions 1.6.6 and 1.7.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 20:21 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/pull/2816 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/commit/272d3f4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/commit/4c4c1e2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/commit/ced79da… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/releases/tag/v1.6.6 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siderolabs/omni/releases/tag/v1.7.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| siderolabs | omni |
Affected:
< 1.6.6
Affected: >= 1.7.0, < 1.7.3 |
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CVE-2026-44946 (GCVE-0-2026-44946)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 12:14 – Updated: 2026-07-01 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SAML Authentication Replay in Rancher
Summary
A SAML authentication replay vulnerability in Rancher's Assertion
Consumer Service (ACS) handler did not enforce
one-time use of SAML assertion, potentially allowing person in the middle attacks against Rancher, affecting Rancher 2.14.0 before 2.14.3,
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-30 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication bypass by capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-29 12:07
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CVE-2026-42602 (GCVE-0-2026-42602)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 20:12 – Updated: 2026-05-14 12:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
azureauthextension Authenticate method does not validate bearer tokens, allowing auth bypass via replay
Summary
azureauthextension is the Azure Authenticator Extension. From 0.124.0 to 0.150.0, a server-side authentication bypass in azureauthextension allows any party who holds a single valid Azure access token for any scope the collector's configured identity can mint for to authenticate to any OpenTelemetry receiver that uses auth: azure_auth. The extension's Authenticate method does not validate incoming bearer tokens as JWTs. Instead, it calls its own configured credential to obtain an access token and compares the client's token to the result with string equality — and the scope for that server-side token request is taken from the client-supplied Host header. As a result, a token minted for any Azure resource the service principal has ever been issued a token for (ARM, Graph, Key Vault, Storage, etc.) will authenticate to the collector if the attacker picks a matching Host. Tokens are replayable for the full issued lifetime (commonly several hours for managed identity tokens).
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-14 12:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-c… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-telemetry | opentelemetry-collector-contrib |
Affected:
>= 0.124.0, <= 0.150.0
|
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CVE-2026-41707 (GCVE-0-2026-41707)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 22:34 – Updated: 2026-08-27 03:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Spring Security DPoPProofJwtDecoderFactory vulnerable to DPoP Proof Replay
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Spring Spring Security allows Spring Security's DPoPProofJwtDecoderFactory contains a cache-based replay attack vulnerability. The internal cache storing JWT ID claims has a strict size limit, allowing attackers to evict legitimate entries by flooding the server with dummy requests, then replay intercepted valid DPoP proofs.
This issue affects Spring Security: 7.1.0, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, and from 6.5.0 through 6.5.11.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | Spring Security |
Affected:
7.1.0
(custom)
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CVE-2026-41351 (GCVE-0-2026-41351)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 21:58 – Updated: 2026-04-24 13:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Webhook Replay Detection Bypass via Base64 Signature Re-encoding
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a replay detection bypass vulnerability in webhook signature handling that treats Base64 and Base64URL encoded signatures as distinct requests. Attackers can re-encode Telnyx webhook signatures to bypass replay detection while maintaining valid signature verification.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-24 13:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/ad776… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-web… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-03-31 00:00
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CVE-2026-41000 (GCVE-0-2026-41000)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 05:04 – Updated: 2026-06-23 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WSS4J validation does not use configured replay cache
Summary
Wss4jSecurityInterceptor did not consistently wire Apache WSS4J ReplayCache instances into RequestData for validation-time checks. As a result, protections against replay of UsernameToken nonces and creation timestamps, Timestamp elements, and certain SAML one-time-use semantics could be ineffective even when operators configured a replay cache on the interceptor.
Affected versions:
Spring Web Services 5.0.0 through 5.0.1; 4.1.0 through 4.1.3; 4.0.0 through 4.0.18; 3.1.0 through 3.1.8.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 15:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | Spring Web Services |
Affected:
5.0.0 , < 5.0.1.1
(custom)
Affected: 4.1.0 , < 4.1.3.1 (custom) Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.19 (custom) Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.1.9 (custom) |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.