Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
396 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-16083 (GCVE-0-2026-16083)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-18 08:30 – Updated: 2026-07-20 17:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sipeed PicoClaw LINE Webhook line.go webhook.ParseRequest authentication replay
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Sipeed PicoClaw up to 0.2.9. This affects the function webhook.ParseRequest of the file pkg/channels/line/line.go of the component LINE Webhook. The manipulation results in authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The reported GitHub issue was closed automatically with the label "not planned" by a bot.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-20 17:35 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/379795 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/379795/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16083 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/852945 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/3073 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-13734 (GCVE-0-2026-13734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 20:38 – Updated: 2026-08-28 20:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zephyr WireGuard mutates peer state before anti-replay check, enabling capture-replay endpoint hijack
Summary
Zephyr's WireGuard VPN data-plane receive handler wg_process_data_message() in subsys/net/lib/wireguard/wg_crypto.c validated the anti-replay counter too late. After AEAD decryption of a MESSAGE_TRANSPORT_DATA packet succeeded, the code committed several peer-state changes — update_peer_addr() (endpoint roaming update), the keypair->last_rx/peer->last_rx liveness timers, and keypair_update() (promote next→current and destroy the previous keypair) — and only afterward called wg_check_replay(). On a replayed packet the replay check returned -EINVAL, but none of the preceding mutations were rolled back.
The AEAD tag authenticates content but not freshness, so a replayed-but-authentic transport packet decrypts correctly. An attacker who captures one valid ciphertext off the wire (an on-path or shared-medium observer) can re-inject it from an arbitrary spoofed source address. Reaching the handler requires no credentials: it is driven directly from inbound UDP datagrams via the dispatch in subsys/net/lib/wireguard/wg.c.
Because the state mutations committed before the replay check, the replay repoints the peer endpoint to the attacker-chosen source address (roaming hijack), redirecting the victim's subsequent outbound tunnel traffic until the legitimate peer's next packet re-corrects it; it also prematurely destroys the previous keypair and refreshes the RX liveness timer. The tunnel payload stays encrypted under the session keypair, so this is an integrity/availability impact (traffic redirection and session disruption), not payload disclosure. The fix moves wg_check_replay() to immediately after a successful decrypt, before any peer-state mutation, matching the WireGuard specification and the Linux reference implementation.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-294 - auth
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
4.4.0 , < 4.4.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-9398 (GCVE-0-2026-9398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-24 20:45 – Updated: 2026-05-29 18:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Besen BS20 EV Charging Station BLE/WiFi authentication replay
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Besen BS20 EV Charging Station up to 20260426. This affects an unknown part of the component BLE/WiFi. Such manipulation leads to authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must be carried out from within the local network. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The original disclosure mentions, that "[t]hese vulnerabilities have been reported to Besen and we have received their acknowlegement that they are reviewing this as of April 2026."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 18:17 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/365379 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/365379/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/813577 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/carfeii/besen#finding-5-unauth… | related |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Besen | BS20 EV Charging Station |
Affected:
20260426
cpe:2.3:a:besen:bs20_ev_charging_station:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-4583 (GCVE-0-2026-4583)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 10:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 14:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Shenzhen HCC Technology MPOS M6 PLUS Bluetooth authentication replay
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Shenzhen HCC Technology MPOS M6 PLUS 1V.31-N. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Bluetooth Handler. Performing a manipulation results in authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must originate from the local network. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-25 14:04 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.352420 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352420 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.775434 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Davim09/m6plusexploit/blob/mai… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shenzhen HCC Technology | MPOS M6 PLUS |
Affected:
1V.31-N
|
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CVE-2026-2540 (GCVE-0-2026-2540)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-15 11:03 – Updated: 2026-02-17 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Micca KE700 Acceptance of previously used rolling codes
Summary
The Micca KE700 system contains flawed resynchronization logic and is vulnerable to replay attacks. This attack requires sending two previously captured codes in a specific sequence. As a result, the system can be forced to accept previously used (stale) rolling codes and execute a command. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to clone the alarm key. This grants the attacker unauthorized access to the vehicle to unlock or lock the doors.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-17 16:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2026-2540/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Micca Auto Electronics Co., Ltd. | Car Alarm System KE700 |
Affected:
KE700
Unknown: KE700+ |
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CVE-2026-1743 (GCVE-0-2026-1743)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 04:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 09:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DJI Mavic Mini/Air/Spark/Mini SE Enhanced Wi-Fi Pairing authentication replay
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in DJI Mavic Mini, Air, Spark and Mini SE up to 01.00.0500. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Enhanced Wi-Fi Pairing. The manipulation leads to authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must be carried out from within the local network. A high degree of complexity is needed for the attack. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-03 14:32 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.343674 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.343674 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.741323 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ByteMe1001/DJI-CatNect | related |
| https://github.com/ByteMe1001/DJI-CatNect/blob/ma… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-69197 (GCVE-0-2025-69197)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 00:44 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pterodactyl TOTPs can be reused during validity window
Summary
Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Versions 1.11.11 and below allow TOTP to be used multiple times during its validity window. Users with 2FA enabled are prompted to enter a token during sign-in, and afterward it is not sufficiently marked as used in the system. This allows an attacker who intercepts that token to use it in addition to a known username/password during the 60-second token validity window. The attacker must have intercepted a valid 2FA token (for example, during a screen share). This issue is fixed in version 1.12.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 14:23 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/032bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pterodactyl | panel |
Affected:
< 1.12.0
|
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CVE-2025-68671 (GCVE-0-2025-68671)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-15 22:35 – Updated: 2026-01-20 16:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
lakeFS is Missing Timestamp Validation in S3 Gateway Authentication
Summary
lakeFS is an open-source tool that transforms object storage into a Git-like repositories. LakeFS's S3 gateway does not validate timestamps in authenticated requests, allowing replay attacks. Prior to 1.75.0, an attacker who captures a valid signed request (e.g., through network interception, logs, or compromised systems) can replay that request until credentials are rotated, even after the request is intended to expire. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.75.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-20 16:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/treeverse/lakeFS/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/treeverse/lakeFS/issues/9599 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/treeverse/lakeFS/commit/92966a… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54810 (GCVE-0-2025-54810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-18 21:28 – Updated: 2025-09-19 13:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Summary
Cognex In-Sight Explorer and In-Sight Camera Firmware expose
a proprietary protocol on TCP port 1069 to perform management operations
such as modifying system properties. The user management functionality
handles sensitive data such as registered usernames and passwords over
an unencrypted channel, allowing an adjacent attacker to intercept valid
credentials to gain access to the device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-19 13:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognex | In-Sight 2000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 7000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 8000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight 9000 series |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Cognex | In-Sight Explorer |
Affected:
5.x , ≤ 6.5.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-49752 (GCVE-0-2025-49752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-20 22:18 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:07 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Azure Bastion Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Azure Bastion Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-22 04:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Bastion Developer |
Affected:
-
cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_bastion_developer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2025-11-20 08:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.