Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-294

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).

396 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-28787 (GCVE-0-2026-28787)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 04:55 – Updated: 2026-03-09 19:46

Title

OneUptime has WebAuthn 2FA bypass: server accepts client-supplied challenge instead of server-stored value, allowing credential replay

Summary

OneUptime is a solution for monitoring and managing online services. In version 10.0.11 and prior, the WebAuthn authentication implementation does not store the challenge on the server side. Instead, the challenge is returned to the client and accepted back from the client request body during verification. This violates the WebAuthn specification (W3C Web Authentication Level 2, §13.4.3) and allows an attacker who has obtained a valid WebAuthn assertion (e.g., via XSS, MitM, or log exposure) to replay it indefinitely, completely bypassing the second-factor authentication. No known patches are available.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-03-09 19:46 UTC

CWE

CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/OneUptime/oneuptime/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
OneUptime	oneuptime	Affected: <= 10.0.11

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-28787",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-09T19:46:13.788942Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-09T19:46:22.314Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "oneuptime",
          "vendor": "OneUptime",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c= 10.0.11"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "OneUptime is a solution for monitoring and managing online services. In version 10.0.11 and prior, the WebAuthn authentication implementation does not store the challenge on the server side. Instead, the challenge is returned to the client and accepted back from the client request body during verification. This violates the WebAuthn specification (W3C Web Authentication Level 2, \u00a713.4.3) and allows an attacker who has obtained a valid WebAuthn assertion (e.g., via XSS, MitM, or log exposure) to replay it indefinitely, completely bypassing the second-factor authentication. No known patches are available."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 8.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-06T04:55:40.678Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/OneUptime/oneuptime/security/advisories/GHSA-gjjc-pcwp-c74m",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/OneUptime/oneuptime/security/advisories/GHSA-gjjc-pcwp-c74m"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-gjjc-pcwp-c74m",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OneUptime has WebAuthn 2FA bypass: server accepts client-supplied challenge instead of server-stored value, allowing credential replay"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-28787",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-06T04:55:40.678Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-03T14:25:19.244Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-09T19:46:22.314Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-28564 (GCVE-0-2026-28564)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 07:08 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:02

Title

Apache IoTDB: REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials

Summary

Insufficient Session Expiration, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 2.0.10. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.10, which fixes the issue.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-10 15:02 UTC

CWE

CWE-613 - Insufficient Session Expiration
CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

apache mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://lists.apache.org/thread/l38wpy7flvvfwv4rk…	vendor-advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/10/1

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Apache Software Foundation	Apache IoTDB	Affected: 1.0.0 , < 2.0.10 (semver)

Credits

Aristore (https://github.com/aristorechina)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-10T14:54:51.554Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/10/1"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 9.8,
              "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-28564",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-10T15:02:34.412449Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-10T15:02:54.356Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Apache IoTDB",
          "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.0.10",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Aristore (https://github.com/aristorechina)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eInsufficient Session Expiration, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache IoTDB.\u003cbr\u003eREST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 2.0.10.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.10, which fixes the issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Insufficient Session Expiration, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache IoTDB.\nREST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 2.0.10.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.10, which fixes the issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "text": "important"
            },
            "type": "Textual description of severity"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-613",
              "description": "CWE-613 Insufficient Session Expiration",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294 Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-10T07:08:12.481Z",
        "orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
        "shortName": "apache"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/l38wpy7flvvfwv4rkps87l5z8gprnfy0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Apache IoTDB: REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
    "assignerShortName": "apache",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-28564",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-10T07:08:12.481Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-02T02:27:12.754Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-10T15:02:54.356Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-28449 (GCVE-0-2026-28449)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 01:00 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:14

Title

OpenClaw < 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression

Summary

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-04-29 14:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv…	vendor-advisory
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d5121…	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-web…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
OpenClaw	OpenClaw	Affected: 0 , < 2026.2.25 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw::::::node.js::*

Date Public

2026-02-26 00:00

Credits

Aristore (@aristorechina)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-28449",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-29T14:35:06.736873Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-29T14:35:22.725Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageURL": "pkg:npm/openclaw",
          "product": "OpenClaw",
          "vendor": "OpenClaw",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2026.2.25",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "2026.2.25",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Aristore (@aristorechina)"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-02-26T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eOpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294 Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T16:14:12.343Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w"
        },
        {
          "name": "Patch Commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d512163d686ad6741783e7119ddb3437f493dbbc"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-webhook-replay-attack-via-missing-durable-replay-suppression"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OpenClaw \u003c 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-28449",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-19T01:00:45.387Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-27T19:16:50.224Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T16:14:12.343Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-27855 (GCVE-0-2026-27855)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 08:10 – Updated: 2026-03-27 19:39

Summary

Dovecot OTP authentication is vulnerable to replay attack under specific conditions. If auth cache is enabled, and username is altered in passdb, then OTP credentials can be cached so that same OTP reply is valid. An attacker able to observe an OTP exchange is able to log in as the user. If authentication happens over unsecure connection, switch to SCRAM protocol. Alternatively ensure the communcations are secured, and if possible switch to OAUTH2 or SCRAM. No publicly available exploits are known.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-03-27 19:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

OX mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://documentation.open-xchange.com/dovecot/se…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Open-Xchange GmbH	OX Dovecot Pro	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.3.0 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-27855",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-27T19:39:33.275509Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-27T19:39:50.286Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "core"
          ],
          "product": "OX Dovecot Pro",
          "vendor": "Open-Xchange GmbH",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.3.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Dovecot OTP authentication is vulnerable to replay attack under specific conditions. If auth cache is enabled, and username is altered in passdb, then OTP credentials can be cached so that same OTP reply is valid. An attacker able to observe an OTP exchange is able to log in as the user. If authentication happens over unsecure connection, switch to SCRAM protocol. Alternatively ensure the communcations are secured, and if possible switch to OAUTH2 or SCRAM. No publicly available exploits are known."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "cwe"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-27T12:33:26.733Z",
        "orgId": "8ce71d90-2354-404b-a86e-bec2cc4e6981",
        "shortName": "OX"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/dovecot/security/advisories/csaf/2026/oxdc-adv-2026-0001.json"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "defect": "DOV-8859",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8ce71d90-2354-404b-a86e-bec2cc4e6981",
    "assignerShortName": "OX",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-27855",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-27T08:10:18.821Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-24T08:46:09.373Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-27T19:39:50.286Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-26232 (GCVE-0-2026-26232)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 20:19 – Updated: 2026-07-07 16:59

Title

Gitea OAuth2 authorization codes lack expiry and reuse enforcement

Summary

Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not consistently enforce OAuth2 authorization code expiry and single-use behavior during token exchange.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-07 16:20 UTC

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

Gitea mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36797	patch
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36851	patch
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5	release-notes
https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.5/	release-notes

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Gitea	Gitea Open Source Git Server	Affected: 0 , < 1.25.5 (semver)

Credits

sammiee5311

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
              "baseScore": 9.1,
              "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-26232",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-07T16:20:50.306165Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T16:59:23.495Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Gitea Open Source Git Server",
          "vendor": "Gitea",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.25.5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "sammiee5311"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not consistently enforce OAuth2 authorization code expiry and single-use behavior during token exchange."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-03T20:19:34.473Z",
        "orgId": "88ee5874-cf24-4952-aea0-31affedb7ff2",
        "shortName": "Gitea"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Pull Request #36797",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36797"
        },
        {
          "name": "GitHub Pull Request #36851",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36851"
        },
        {
          "name": "Gitea v1.25.5 Release",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "Gitea v1.25.5 Release Blog Post",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.5/"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Gitea OAuth2 authorization codes lack expiry and reuse enforcement",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "88ee5874-cf24-4952-aea0-31affedb7ff2",
    "assignerShortName": "Gitea",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-26232",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-03T20:19:34.473Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-03T03:25:28.619Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T16:59:23.495Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-20779 (GCVE-0-2026-20779)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 20:19 – Updated: 2026-07-07 17:00

Title

Gitea TOTP single-use enforcement defect allows OTP replay

Summary

Gitea versions from 1.5.0 before 1.26.3 have a TOTP single-use enforcement defect that allows a valid TOTP code to be accepted more than once across web two-factor authentication flows and the Basic Auth X-Gitea-OTP path.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-06 19:02 UTC

CWE

CWE-294

Assigner

Gitea mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/adviso…	vendor-advisory
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/38151	patch
https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.26.3	release-notes
https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.26.3-and-1.26.4/	release-notes

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Gitea	Gitea Open Source Git Server	Affected: 1.5.0 , < 1.26.3 (semver)

Credits

Kript0r3x

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-20779",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-06T19:02:05.918693Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T17:00:54.312Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/advisories/GHSA-gx3v-q759-g323"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Gitea Open Source Git Server",
          "vendor": "Gitea",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.26.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.5.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Kript0r3x"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Gitea versions from 1.5.0 before 1.26.3 have a TOTP single-use enforcement defect that allows a valid TOTP code to be accepted more than once across web two-factor authentication flows and the Basic Auth X-Gitea-OTP path."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-03T20:19:29.239Z",
        "orgId": "88ee5874-cf24-4952-aea0-31affedb7ff2",
        "shortName": "Gitea"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/advisories/GHSA-gx3v-q759-g323"
        },
        {
          "name": "GitHub Pull Request #38151",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/38151"
        },
        {
          "name": "Gitea v1.26.3 Release",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.26.3"
        },
        {
          "name": "Gitea v1.26.4 Release Blog Post",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.26.3-and-1.26.4/"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Gitea TOTP single-use enforcement defect allows OTP replay",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "88ee5874-cf24-4952-aea0-31affedb7ff2",
    "assignerShortName": "Gitea",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-20779",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-03T20:19:29.239Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-03T03:26:00.104Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T17:00:54.312Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

GCVE-1-2026-20159 (CVE-2026-73431)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-08-12 14:32 – Updated: 2026-08-12 14:32

Title

Reusable Account Activation and Recovery Tokens Allow Repeated Account Takeover in vulnerability-lookup

Summary

Vulnerability-Lookup contains an authentication weakness in its account activation and password-recovery mechanism. Activation and recovery links were generated using stateless signed tokens containing only the user's login. Although the token signature and age were validated, the application did not track whether a token had already been successfully used. As a result, a captured activation or password-recovery link remained valid for the entire configured TOKEN_VALIDITY_PERIOD, even after the associated password had been changed. An attacker who obtains a valid activation or recovery token could therefore replay it multiple times during its validity period to set a new password and repeatedly take control of the affected account. In addition, tokens were not bound to a specific purpose, allowing the same token mechanism to be used across activation and recovery workflows. The patch introduces purpose-bound tokens and a random nonce whose SHA-256 digest is stored with the user account. The nonce is invalidated after a successful password change, making tokens single-use, while issuing a new token invalidates any previously issued token. The password-setting operation now explicitly consumes the token before committing the account change. Successful exploitation requires the attacker to obtain a currently valid activation or recovery link, but does not require knowledge of the victim's existing password or an authenticated session.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

GNA-1

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/vulnerabi…	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
vulnerability-lookup	vulnerability-lookup	Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.5.1 (semver)

Credits

openai/gpt-5.5-cyber-preview (reasoning level: high) EUVD @ ENISA Team Cedric Bonhomme Alexandre Dulaunoy

Relationships

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "vulnerability-lookup",
          "repo": "https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/vulnerability-lookup",
          "vendor": "vulnerability-lookup",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.5.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "tool",
          "value": "openai/gpt-5.5-cyber-preview (reasoning level: high)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "EUVD @ ENISA Team"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "Cedric Bonhomme"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "Alexandre Dulaunoy"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eVulnerability-Lookup contains an \nauthentication weakness in its account activation and password-recovery \nmechanism. Activation and recovery links were generated using stateless \nsigned tokens containing only the user\u0027s login. Although the token \nsignature and age were validated, the application did not track whether a\n token had already been successfully used. As a result, a captured \nactivation or password-recovery link remained valid for the entire \nconfigured \u003ccode\u003eTOKEN_VALIDITY_PERIOD\u003c/code\u003e, even after the associated password had been changed. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn attacker who obtains a valid \nactivation or recovery token could therefore replay it multiple times \nduring its validity period to set a new password and repeatedly take \ncontrol of the affected account. In addition, tokens were not bound to a\n specific purpose, allowing the same token mechanism to be used across \nactivation and recovery workflows. The patch introduces purpose-bound \ntokens and a random nonce whose SHA-256 digest is stored with the user \naccount. The nonce is invalidated after a successful password change, \nmaking tokens single-use, while issuing a new token invalidates any \npreviously issued token.  The password-setting operation now explicitly consumes the token before committing the account change. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful exploitation requires \nthe attacker to obtain a currently valid activation or recovery link, \nbut does not require knowledge of the victim\u0027s existing password or an \nauthenticated session.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Vulnerability-Lookup contains an \nauthentication weakness in its account activation and password-recovery \nmechanism. Activation and recovery links were generated using stateless \nsigned tokens containing only the user\u0027s login. Although the token \nsignature and age were validated, the application did not track whether a\n token had already been successfully used. As a result, a captured \nactivation or password-recovery link remained valid for the entire \nconfigured TOKEN_VALIDITY_PERIOD, even after the associated password had been changed. \n\n\nAn attacker who obtains a valid \nactivation or recovery token could therefore replay it multiple times \nduring its validity period to set a new password and repeatedly take \ncontrol of the affected account. In addition, tokens were not bound to a\n specific purpose, allowing the same token mechanism to be used across \nactivation and recovery workflows. The patch introduces purpose-bound \ntokens and a random nonce whose SHA-256 digest is stored with the user \naccount. The nonce is invalidated after a successful password change, \nmaking tokens single-use, while issuing a new token invalidates any \npreviously issued token.  The password-setting operation now explicitly consumes the token before committing the account change. \n\n\nSuccessful exploitation requires \nthe attacker to obtain a currently valid activation or recovery link, \nbut does not require knowledge of the victim\u0027s existing password or an \nauthenticated session."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-50",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-50 Password Recovery Exploitation"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-60",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-60 Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294 Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/vulnerability-lookup/commit/bef837242657acf680832be56b94428df130ed67"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Reusable Account Activation and Recovery Tokens Allow Repeated Account Takeover in vulnerability-lookup",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "recordType": "advisory",
          "vulnId": "gcve-1-2026-20159"
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-73431",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-12T14:32:19.932784Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-12T14:32:51.876Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T14:32:52.007745Z",
    "requesterUserId": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
    "serial": 1,
    "state": "PUBLISHED",
    "vulnId": "gcve-1-2026-20159"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

CVE-2026-18967 (GCVE-0-2026-18967)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 05:33 – Updated: 2026-08-06 17:31

Title

Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: saml onetimeuse assertion replay in idp-initiated broker flow

Summary

A flaw was found in the SAML broker component of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. When configured as a SAML broker using the IdP-Initiated flow, Keycloak fails to enforce the OneTimeUse condition in SAML assertions. This allows an attacker who captures a valid, unused assertion to replay it multiple times. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to hijack a user's session and gain unauthorized access to the system as that user.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-06 17:25 UTC

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

redhat redhat root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18967	vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2511604	issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT

Impacted products

3 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Red Hat	Red Hat Build of Keycloak	cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:
Red Hat	Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack	cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
Red Hat	Red Hat Single Sign-On 7	cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7

Date Public

2026-07-31 14:42

Credits

Red Hat would like to thank Lidor Vasker for reporting this issue.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-18967",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-06T17:25:10.336645Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T17:31:57.855Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "rhbk-keycloak-rhel9/rhbk-keycloak-rhel9",
          "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "rhbk-openshift-rhel9/rhbk-openshift-rhel9",
          "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Red Hat would like to thank Lidor Vasker for reporting this issue."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-07-31T14:42:39.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A flaw was found in the SAML broker component of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. When configured as a SAML broker using the IdP-Initiated flow, Keycloak fails to enforce the OneTimeUse condition in SAML assertions. This allows an attacker who captures a valid, unused assertion to replay it multiple times. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to hijack a user\u0027s session and gain unauthorized access to the system as that user."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
              "value": "Moderate"
            },
            "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.4,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T05:33:17.868Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18967"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHBZ#2511604",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2511604"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-07-31T14:42:39.000Z",
          "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-07-31T14:42:39.000Z",
          "value": "Made public."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: saml onetimeuse assertion replay in idp-initiated broker flow",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      },
      "x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-18967",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-06T05:33:17.868Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-05T15:22:29.997Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T17:31:57.855Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-17268 (GCVE-0-2026-17268)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 17:21 – Updated: 2026-08-12 18:50

Title

IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Navigator for i

Summary

IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions due to improper validation of a session token.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-12 18:49 UTC

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

ibm mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283292	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	i	Affected: 7.6 Affected: 7.5 Affected: 7.4 Affected: 7.3 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3.0:::::::*

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-17268",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-12T18:49:58.523438Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T18:50:29.466Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "product": "i",
          "vendor": "IBM",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions due to improper validation of a session token.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions due to improper validation of a session token."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294 Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T17:21:05.065Z",
        "orgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
        "shortName": "ibm"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283292"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIBM i Release\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5770-SS1 Option 3\u003cbr/\u003ePTF Number(s)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePTF Download Link(s)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.6\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10887\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10887\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10887\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.5\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10888\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10888\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10888\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.4\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10890\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10890\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10890\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10891\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10891\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10891\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eIBM recommends users running unsupported versions of affected products upgrade to a supported and fixed version of affected products.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.\n\nIBM i Release5770-SS1 Option 3\nPTF Number(s)PTF Download Link(s)7.6SJ10887 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10887 7.5SJ10888 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10888 7.4SJ10890 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10890 7.3SJ10891 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10891 \n\n\n\nIBM recommends users running unsupported versions of affected products upgrade to a supported and fixed version of affected products."
        }
      ],
      "title": "IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Navigator for i"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
    "assignerShortName": "ibm",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-17268",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-12T17:21:05.065Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-24T23:10:36.106Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T18:50:29.466Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-17045 (GCVE-0-2026-17045)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 19:54 – Updated: 2026-08-17 18:18

Title

IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Digital Certificate Manager

Summary

IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized operations and access sensitive information due to improper session management.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-17 17:10 UTC

CWE

CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

ibm mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283569	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	i	Affected: 7.6 Affected: 7.5 Affected: 7.4 Affected: 7.3 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3.0:::::::*

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-17045",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-17T17:10:27.454337Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T18:18:06.586Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:ibm:i:7.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "product": "i",
          "vendor": "IBM",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized operations and access sensitive information due to improper session management.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized operations and access sensitive information due to improper session management."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294 Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T19:54:58.732Z",
        "orgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
        "shortName": "ibm"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283569"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003ccol/\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIBM i Release\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5770-SS1 Option 34\u003cbr/\u003ePTF Number(s)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePTF Download Link(s)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.6\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10907\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10907\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10907\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.5\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10906\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10906\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10906\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.4\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10905\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10905\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e7.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSJ10904\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10904\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10904\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eIBM recommends users running unsupported versions of affected products upgrade to a supported and fixed version of affected products.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.\n\nIBM i Release5770-SS1 Option 34\nPTF Number(s)PTF Download Link(s)7.6SJ10907 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10907 7.5SJ10906 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10906 7.4SJ10905 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10905 7.3SJ10904 https://www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/fix-information?legacy=SJ10904 \n\n\n\nIBM recommends users running unsupported versions of affected products upgrade to a supported and fixed version of affected products."
        }
      ],
      "title": "IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Digital Certificate Manager"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
    "assignerShortName": "ibm",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-17045",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-13T19:54:58.732Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-24T13:10:32.777Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T18:18:06.586Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

← Back to the CWE list