Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-294

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).

455 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-67581 (GCVE-0-2026-67581)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:20 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:44
VLAI
Title
On-chain transfer proof is not single-use in mpp EVM payment method, enabling cross-challenge replay
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to obtain paid resources by resubmitting one settled on-chain transfer. MPP.Methods.EVM.verify/2 accepts a transaction-hash credential and matches a transfer purely on token, to and amount (ERC-20) or to and value (native). It binds the proof neither to the challenge being verified nor to any record of prior use, and the generic MPP.Plug dedup store keys on challenge.id, which is regenerated for every 402 response. On a static-price route, a single historical transfer matching the charge therefore satisfies an unbounded number of later charges, including transfers an attacker can read off a public block explorer. This issue affects mpp: from 0.3.0 before 0.6.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 18:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
EEF CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard A 97/100 over 314 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ZenHive mpp Affected: 0.3.0 , < 0.6.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
ZenHive mpp Affected: 65b9e425ce27631c786a5b380b5e4c5ae607ec6d , < ecc038088b1cda09ad8a84acc6cc112addb4a68f (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-06 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-65905 (GCVE-0-2026-65905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 21:51 – Updated: 2026-08-26 15:21
VLAI
Title
Apache Tomcat: Limited replay attack possible with DIGEST authentication
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's DIGEST authenticator. If, before windowSize requests have been made, a client makes a DIGEST authenticated request with a nonceCount on the upper boundary of the replay window then that request is replayable once only while the associated nonceCount remains within the replay window.   This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.120. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.30 through 7.0.109. Other unsupported versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.25, 10.1.58 or 9.0.121, which fix the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 930 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat Affected: 11.0.0-M1 , ≤ 11.0.24 (semver)
Affected: 10.1.0-M1 , ≤ 10.1.57 (semver)
Affected: 9.0.0.M1 , ≤ 9.0.120 (semver)
Affected: 8.5.0 , ≤ 8.5.100 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.30 , ≤ 7.0.109 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-62911 (GCVE-0-2026-62911)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 17:06 – Updated: 2026-10-08 18:12
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3955 records in the last 180 days details
Date Public
2026-08-11 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-57574 (GCVE-0-2026-57574)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 20:55 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:55
VLAI
Title
Misskey: TOTP tokens can be reused
Summary
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. Prior to 2026.6.0, Misskey contains a vulnerability in Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) authentication in UserAuthService where insufficient validation of used tokens allows the reuse of a single-use code within its valid time step. If both credentials and a TOTP code are obtained concurrently, an attacker may reuse the code to perform unauthorized actions, potentially leading to account takeover. This issue is fixed in version 2026.6.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 18:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misskey-dev misskey Affected: < 2026.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-56453 (GCVE-0-2026-56453)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 13:06 – Updated: 2026-07-16 13:44
VLAI
Title
HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by an Account Takeover via Response Manipulation vulnerability.
Summary
HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by an Account Takeover via Response Manipulation vulnerability. A remote attacker can intercept and alter the contents of the server's HTTP responses before they reach the client application, allowing them to manipulate the authentication or authorization logic to bypass controls and gain unauthorized access to targeted user accounts.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-16 13:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Assigner
HCL CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 184 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HCL Software DFXAnalytics Affected: version 3.0 and below
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-56130 (GCVE-0-2026-56130)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 08:44 – Updated: 2026-06-25 12:12
VLAI
Title
Apache Shiro: Remember-me cookie isn't checked for expiry on the server
Summary
"Remember me" cookie age is not verified on the server. This potentially allows an attacker to intercept a valid cookie and reuse it indefinitely, even after the configured expiration time has passed. This issue affects all Apache Shiro versions from 1.2.4 through 2.x, and 3.0.0-alpha-1, only when RememberMe functionality is enabled. Upgrade to version 3.0.0 or later, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 12:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
apache CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 930 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Shiro Affected: 1.2.4 , ≤ 2.99.99 (semver)
Affected: 3.0.0-alpha-0 , ≤ 3.0.0-alpha-1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-55759 (GCVE-0-2026-55759)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 21:07 – Updated: 2026-06-26 03:55
VLAI
Title
Rocket.Chat: Apple Sign-In skips JWT claims validation, allowing expired and cross-audience token replay
Summary
Rocket.Chat is an open-source, secure, fully customizable communications platform. Prior to 8.5.1, 8.4.4, 8.3.6, 8.2.6, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.10.13, Rocket.Chat's Apple Sign-In handler verifies JWT signatures but skips claims validation. Any Apple-signed JWT with a non-empty iss is accepted regardless of aud, exp, nbf, or nonce. An attacker who obtains a target user's Apple identity token (from server logs, an intercepted sign-in flow, or another application sharing the same Apple developer team) can replay it to authenticate as that user, with no expiration on the replay window. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.5.1, 8.4.4, 8.3.6, 8.2.6, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.10.13.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RocketChat Rocket.Chat Affected: >= 8.5.0-rc.0, < 8.5.1
Affected: >= 8.4.0-rc.0, < 8.4.4
Affected: >= 8.3.0-rc.0, < 8.3.6
Affected: >= 8.2.0-rc.0, < 8.2.6
Affected: >= 8.1.0-rc.0, < 8.1.6
Affected: >= 7.11.0-rc.0, < 8.0.7
Affected: < 7.10.13
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-55370 (GCVE-0-2026-55370)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 19:56 – Updated: 2026-07-10 20:14
VLAI
Title
Logto: TOTP code can be replayed within the RFC 6238 validity window (one-time use violation)
Summary
Logto is the modern, open-source auth infrastructure for SaaS and AI apps. Prior to 1.41.0, Logto's existing TOTP verification accepted a successfully used TOTP code again while the code remained inside the RFC 6238 acceptance window because the verifier used otplib's stateless check with window = 1 and did not persist or compare the accepted TOTP time-step counter. An attacker who has the victim's first factor and captures a live TOTP value can replay that value to satisfy MFA during the same acceptance window. This issue is fixed in version 1.41.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-10 20:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
logto-io logto Affected: < 1.41.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-55250 (GCVE-0-2026-55250)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 22:17 – Updated: 2026-09-09 13:44
VLAI
Title
Maravel-Framework Token Replay Vulnerability via Premature JWT Blacklist Eviction in Tagged Caches
Summary
Maravel, a PHP framework oriented towards dependency injection, prior to version 10.74.0 has a high-severity Token Replay Vulnerability arising from a structural lifecycle mismatch between stateless token validation engines and high-performance relational caching layers. Any application with low cache memory that causes premature eviction to free up memory and applications running macropay-solutions/maravel-framework that utilize tymon/jwt-auth for API token authentication and blacklist management or any other package that does the same may be affected. This architectural risk might also impact native Laravel applications utilizing cache tags under specific volatile or eviction-capped environments. tymon/jwt-auth automatically probes for cache tag support. If found, it forcefully wraps 14-day token blacklist entries (jti) inside a relational tymon.jwt tag. In environments where the O(1) Atomic Lazy Eviction model is active — either natively inside Maravel-Framework v20.x or manually backported into v10.x via the explicit DI container singletons provided in PR #104 (App\Cache\TaggedCache and App\Cache\TagSet) — a strict global tracking ceiling (Container::TAGGED_CACHE_TTL_CAP_SECONDS) of 7,200 seconds (2 hours) is enforced to secure the system against memory index bloat. This ceiling forcefully truncates the 14-day blacklist lifespan down to a maximum of 2 hours, after which individual tracking keys naturally expire and disappear from the active cache window. Furthermore, because the optimized engine implements a generational version matrix to achieve O(1) flush speeds, any programmatic or manual invocation of a tag flush or reset (e.g., Cache::tags([...])->flush()) instantly bumps the internal atomic master version pointer. This shifts the computed cryptographic composite hash (sha1($this->tags->getNamespace())) for all overlapping components, rendering the entire existing index immediately unreachable. Consequently, through either natural 2-hour expiration or an intervening tag flush execution (like the cache naturally cleaning old values to free up memory), the invalidation state records are entirely wiped out. Because the tokens' physical cryptographic signatures remain structurally valid for up to 14 days, stolen, hijacked, or legitimately logged-out tokens are instantly and silently resurrected across the entire API gateway, leaving the application critically vulnerable to widespread Token Replay Attacks. Because this issue is caused by an upstream architectural assumption within the tymon/jwt-auth package rather than a core defect inside the framework, there is no direct framework version upgrade that can safely bypass this lifecycle collision without breaking business cache recycling bounds. Maravel version 10.74.0 introduced a way to backport the new fixed tagged cache from 20.x into 10.x by resolving TagSet and TaggedCache from DI, which is how this latent architectural lifecycle vulnerability was discovered. Users must apply the decoupled configuration workaround outlined below. As a workaround, make sure that cache memory size does not generate early natural evictions from cache to free up space, deleting blacklisted jwt ids before they expire. Applications must decouple flat authentication vectors from the relational tagging subsystem. This forces token identifiers to write directly to the primary cache keyspace as flat, un-tagged key-value pairs where they securely retain their unclipped 14-day lifecycle.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 13:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
  • CWE-613 - Insufficient Session Expiration
  • CWE-672 - Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-55167 (GCVE-0-2026-55167)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 18:23 – Updated: 2026-10-14 18:23
VLAI
Title
LDAP Account Manager: WebAuthn authentication challenge is kept in the PHP session
Summary
LDAP Account Manager (LAM) is a webfrontend for managing entries (e.g. users, groups, DHCP settings) stored in an LDAP directory. Prior to 9.6, installations with WebAuthn two-factor authentication leave the challenge in the same PHP session after the authentication response is processed. A user who has already completed valid password authentication can therefore retain the same signed WebAuthn ceremony state instead of consuming it once. The practical risk is limited by the requirement for a valid password, the same PHP session, and a valid authenticator signature. This issue is fixed in version 9.6.
CWE
  • CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "LDAP Account Manager (LAM) is a webfrontend for managing entries (e.g. users, groups, DHCP settings) stored in an LDAP directory. Prior to 9.6, installations with WebAuthn two-factor authentication leave the challenge in the same PHP session after the authentication response is processed. A user who has already completed valid password authentication can therefore retain the same signed WebAuthn ceremony state instead of consuming it once. The practical risk is limited by the requirement for a valid password, the same PHP session, and a valid authenticator signature. This issue is fixed in version 9.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 4.2,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T18:23:26.148Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/LDAPAccountManager/lam/security/advisories/GHSA-xgjg-fchx-x3g3",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/LDAPAccountManager/lam/security/advisories/GHSA-xgjg-fchx-x3g3"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/LDAPAccountManager/lam/commit/a56dcaab3e0f572283f5861404ed58d5ea301bc6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/LDAPAccountManager/lam/commit/a56dcaab3e0f572283f5861404ed58d5ea301bc6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/LDAPAccountManager/lam/releases/tag/9.6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/LDAPAccountManager/lam/releases/tag/9.6"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-xgjg-fchx-x3g3",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "LDAP Account Manager: WebAuthn authentication challenge is kept in the PHP session"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-55167",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-14T18:23:26.148Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-16T15:13:28.166Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-14T18:23:26.148Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.