Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
455 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-73636 (GCVE-0-2026-73636)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 16:17 – Updated: 2026-10-01 20:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server: mod_auth_digest one-time-nonce replay attack
Summary
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in mod_auth_digest in Apache Software Foundation Apache HTTP Server 2.4.x on all platforms allows a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker to replay captured digest authentication credentials via crafted requests that trigger garbage collection of the client's shared memory entry when AuthDigestNonceLifetime is set to 0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.69, which fixes this issue.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 19:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4.0 , ≤ 2.4.68
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-73443 (GCVE-0-2026-73443)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:47 – Updated: 2026-09-17 18:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
On affected platforms running Arista EOS with VRRPv2 IP-AH authentication configured, an unauthenticated attacker within the same layer 2 network segment on which VRRP is running can capture a legitimate authenticated VRRP advertisement and replay it indef
Summary
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Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 18:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-noti… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arista Networks | EOS |
Affected:
4.36.0 , ≤ 4.36.1F
(custom)
Affected: 4.35.0 , ≤ 4.35.5M (custom) Affected: 4.34.0 , ≤ 4.34.7M (custom) Affected: 4.33.0 , ≤ 4.33.9M (custom) |
Date Public
2026-09-09 18:44
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CVE-2026-73431 (GCVE-0-2026-73431)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 14:32 – Updated: 2026-08-12 17:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reusable Account Activation and Recovery Tokens Allow Repeated Account Takeover in vulnerability-lookup
Summary
Vulnerability-Lookup contains an
authentication weakness in its account activation and password-recovery
mechanism. Activation and recovery links were generated using stateless
signed tokens containing only the user's login. Although the token
signature and age were validated, the application did not track whether a
token had already been successfully used. As a result, a captured
activation or password-recovery link remained valid for the entire
configured TOKEN_VALIDITY_PERIOD, even after the associated password had been changed.
An attacker who obtains a valid
activation or recovery token could therefore replay it multiple times
during its validity period to set a new password and repeatedly take
control of the affected account. In addition, tokens were not bound to a
specific purpose, allowing the same token mechanism to be used across
activation and recovery workflows. The patch introduces purpose-bound
tokens and a random nonce whose SHA-256 digest is stored with the user
account. The nonce is invalidated after a successful password change,
making tokens single-use, while issuing a new token invalidates any
previously issued token. The password-setting operation now explicitly consumes the token before committing the account change.
Successful exploitation requires
the attacker to obtain a currently valid activation or recovery link,
but does not require knowledge of the victim's existing password or an
authenticated session.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-12 17:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vulnerability-lookup/vulnerabi… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vulnerability-lookup | vulnerability-lookup |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.5.1
(semver)
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CVE-2026-73312 (GCVE-0-2026-73312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 13:16 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
XenForo < 2.3.13 Refresh Token Replay via Expired Access Token
Summary
XenForo before 2.3.13 contains a refresh token replay vulnerability that allows attackers to reuse a refresh token multiple times by exploiting the failure to mark tokens as consumed when the parent access token has expired. Attackers can repeatedly submit the same refresh token to generate additional independent token pairs, achieving persistent unauthorized access for the token's full lifetime.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 13:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://xenforo.com/community/threads/security-fi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://xenforo.com/community/threads/xenforo-2-3… | release-notes |
| https://bombobombone.github.io/posts/cve-2026-73312/ | technical-description |
| https://github.com/BomboBombone/CVE-2026-73312 | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/xenforo-refr… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-73311 (GCVE-0-2026-73311)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 13:16 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
XenForo < 2.3.13 OAuth2 Authorization Code Reuse
Summary
XenForo before 2.3.13 contains an OAuth2 authorization code reuse vulnerability that allows attackers to obtain unauthorized token pairs by submitting a previously used authorization code. Attackers can exploit the failure to invalidate or mark authorization codes as consumed after initial token issuance to receive an independent token pair for the same user and scopes, bypassing the single-use guarantee of the OAuth2 authorization code flow.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 13:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
5 references
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|---|---|
| https://xenforo.com/community/threads/security-fi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://xenforo.com/community/threads/xenforo-2-3… | release-notes |
| https://bombobombone.github.io/posts/cve-2026-73311/ | technical-description |
| https://github.com/BomboBombone/CVE-2026-73311 | exploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/xenforo-oaut… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-73136 (GCVE-0-2026-73136)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:19 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Static memo configuration in mpp Tempo disables per-challenge attribution binding, enabling third-party replay
Summary
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated third party to obtain paid resources by replaying a transfer settled by an unrelated payer.
MPP.Methods.Tempo normally binds a settled TIP-20 TransferWithMemo to the specific challenge under verification through an attribution nonce carried in the memo. When a static "memo" is configured in method_config, check_matched_memo_binding/3 returns the match unconditionally and that binding is skipped, leaving only token, recipient, amount and the static memo value to match on. The static memo is echoed in every unauthenticated 402 response and Tempo transfers are public, so an attacker can take any matching transfer paid by a legitimate customer, request a fresh challenge for the same route, and present that transaction hash as a type="hash" credential. The hash path performs no sender or signature check tying the presenter to the wallet that broadcast the transfer.
This issue affects mpp: from 0.6.1 before 0.6.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 18:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-73136.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-73136 | related |
| https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/commit/2207d7f456a… | patch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-06 00:00
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CVE-2026-72780 (GCVE-0-2026-72780)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 12:17 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Craft CMS before 5.10.5 WebAuthn Assertion Replay via login-with-passkey
Summary
Craft CMS before 5.10.5 fails to persist updated credential counters after WebAuthn assertion validation in the passkey login endpoint. Attackers can replay captured login request bodies containing requestOptions and response to create additional authenticated sessions for victim accounts.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 18:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/craft-cms-be… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-25 00:00
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CVE-2026-69676 (GCVE-0-2026-69676)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:12 – Updated: 2026-10-14 23:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Kerberos Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-04 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7725
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7582
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.9445
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.9445
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2954
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26349
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26349
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23398
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23398
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9512
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9245
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5622
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33438
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33438
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
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CVE-2026-69206 (GCVE-0-2026-69206)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 19:29 – Updated: 2026-09-16 17:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Http4s: DigestAuth allows replay of captured requests
Summary
Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. Prior to 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47, DigestAuth replay protection records lastNc plus one instead of the highest nonce-count value it has accepted. When a legitimate client sends noncontiguous nc values because of parallel or retried requests, the stored counter remains below the accepted maximum, allowing a passive observer to replay a captured Authorization header multiple times. Successful replays execute authenticated requests, including state-changing operations, as the captured user. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 17:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/commit/7f065101c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/releases/tag/v0.23.35 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/http4s/http4s/releases/tag/v1.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-68079 (GCVE-0-2026-68079)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 11:22 – Updated: 2026-08-07 00:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache CXF: DefaultEncryptingCodeDataProvider allows unlimited authorization code replay
Summary
In Apache CXF's DefaultEncryptingCodeDataProvider, a captured authorization code can be redeemed an unlimited number of times due to a flaw in the implementation of the removeCodeGrant functionality. This violates the RFC requirement that "The authorization code MUST NOT be used more than once." Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.3 or 4.1.8 or 3.6.12, which fix this issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 15:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/6m06gdqz4rxhy9g90… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache CXF |
Affected:
4.2.0 , < 4.2.3
(semver)
Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.1.8 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 3.6.12 (semver) |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.