Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-129
AllowedImproper Validation of Array Index
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
781 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-28004 (GCVE-0-2023-28004)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-18 21:16 – Updated: 2024-08-02 12:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A CWE-129: Improper validation of an array index vulnerability exists where a specially crafted
Ethernet request could result in denial of service or remote code execution.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Schneider Electric | PowerLogic HDPM6000 |
Affected:
V0.58.6 , ≤ prior
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-03-14 07:00
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CVE-2023-27349 (GCVE-0-2023-27349)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 01:56 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BlueZ Audio Profile AVRCP Improper Validation of Array Index Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
BlueZ Audio Profile AVRCP Improper Validation of Array Index Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code via Bluetooth on affected installations of BlueZ. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must connect to a malicious device.
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Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
4 references
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-04-12 15:01
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CVE-2023-24850 (GCVE-0-2023-24850)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-03 05:00 – Updated: 2025-02-27 20:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Validation of Array Index in HLOS
Summary
Memory Corruption in HLOS while importing a cryptographic key into KeyMaster Trusted Application.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-26 21:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
APQ8017
Affected: APQ8037 Affected: AQT1000 Affected: AR8035 Affected: CSRA6620 Affected: CSRA6640 Affected: FastConnect 6200 Affected: FastConnect 6700 Affected: FastConnect 6800 Affected: FastConnect 6900 Affected: FastConnect 7800 Affected: Home Hub 100 Platform Affected: PM8937 Affected: QAM8255P Affected: QAM8295P Affected: QAM8650P Affected: QAM8775P Affected: QAMSRV1H Affected: QCA6174A Affected: QCA6391 Affected: QCA6420 Affected: QCA6421 Affected: QCA6426 Affected: QCA6430 Affected: QCA6431 Affected: QCA6436 Affected: QCA6574 Affected: QCA6574A Affected: QCA6574AU Affected: QCA6595 Affected: QCA6595AU Affected: QCA6696 Affected: QCA6698AQ Affected: QCA6797AQ Affected: QCA8081 Affected: QCA8337 Affected: QCA9379 Affected: QCC710 Affected: QCM2290 Affected: QCM4290 Affected: QCM4325 Affected: QCM4490 Affected: QCM6125 Affected: QCM6490 Affected: QCM8550 Affected: QCN6024 Affected: QCN6224 Affected: QCN6274 Affected: QCN7606 Affected: QCN9024 Affected: QCS2290 Affected: QCS4290 Affected: QCS4490 Affected: QCS6125 Affected: QCS6490 Affected: QCS8550 Affected: QDU1000 Affected: QDU1010 Affected: QDU1110 Affected: QDU1210 Affected: QDX1010 Affected: QDX1011 Affected: QFW7114 Affected: QFW7124 Affected: QRU1032 Affected: QRU1052 Affected: QRU1062 Affected: QSM8350 Affected: Qualcomm 215 Mobile Platform Affected: Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC1 Platform Affected: Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC3 Platform Affected: SA4150P Affected: SA4155P Affected: SA6145P Affected: SA6150P Affected: SA6155 Affected: SA6155P Affected: SA8145P Affected: SA8150P Affected: SA8155 Affected: SA8155P Affected: SA8195P Affected: SA8255P Affected: SA8295P Affected: SA8540P Affected: SA8650P Affected: SA9000P Affected: SD 8 Gen1 5G Affected: SD626 Affected: SD670 Affected: SD730 Affected: SD855 Affected: SD865 5G Affected: SD888 Affected: SDM429W Affected: SG4150P Affected: SG8275P Affected: SM4125 Affected: SM6250 Affected: SM7250P Affected: SM7315 Affected: SM7325P Affected: SM8550P Affected: Smart Audio 400 Platform Affected: Smart Display 200 Platform (APQ5053-AA) Affected: Snapdragon 4 Gen 1 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 4 Gen 2 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 425 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 427 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 429 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 430 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 435 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 439 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 450 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 460 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 480 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 480+ 5G Mobile Platform (SM4350-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 625 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 626 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 632 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 662 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 665 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 670 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 675 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 678 Mobile Platform (SM6150-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 680 4G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 685 4G Mobile Platform (SM6225-AD) Affected: Snapdragon 690 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 695 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 710 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 720G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 730 Mobile Platform (SM7150-AA) Affected: Snapdragon 730G Mobile Platform (SM7150-AB) Affected: Snapdragon 732G Mobile Platform (SM7150-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 750G 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 765 5G Mobile Platform (SM7250-AA) Affected: Snapdragon 765G 5G Mobile Platform (SM7250-AB) Affected: Snapdragon 768G 5G Mobile Platform (SM7250-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 778G 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 778G+ 5G Mobile Platform (SM7325-AE) Affected: Snapdragon 780G 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 782G Mobile Platform (SM7325-AF) Affected: Snapdragon 7c+ Gen 3 Compute Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 8+ Gen 2 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 855 Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 855+/860 Mobile Platform (SM8150-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 865 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 865+ 5G Mobile Platform (SM8250-AB) Affected: Snapdragon 870 5G Mobile Platform (SM8250-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 888 5G Mobile Platform Affected: Snapdragon 888+ 5G Mobile Platform (SM8350-AC) Affected: Snapdragon 8cx Gen 3 Compute Platform (SC8280XP-AB, BB) Affected: Snapdragon AR2 Gen 1 Platform Affected: Snapdragon W5+ Gen 1 Wearable Platform Affected: Snapdragon X50 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon X55 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon X65 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon X75 5G Modem-RF System Affected: Snapdragon XR1 Platform Affected: Snapdragon XR2 5G Platform Affected: Snapdragon XR2+ Gen 1 Platform Affected: SRV1H Affected: SSG2115P Affected: SSG2125P Affected: SW5100 Affected: SW5100P Affected: SXR1120 Affected: SXR1230P Affected: SXR2130 Affected: SXR2230P Affected: Vision Intelligence 100 Platform (APQ8053-AA) Affected: Vision Intelligence 200 Platform (APQ8053-AC) Affected: WCD9326 Affected: WCD9335 Affected: WCD9340 Affected: WCD9341 Affected: WCD9370 Affected: WCD9375 Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCD9385 Affected: WCD9390 Affected: WCD9395 Affected: WCN3610 Affected: WCN3615 Affected: WCN3620 Affected: WCN3660 Affected: WCN3660B Affected: WCN3680B Affected: WCN3910 Affected: WCN3950 Affected: WCN3980 Affected: WCN3988 Affected: WCN3990 Affected: WCN6740 Affected: WSA8810 Affected: WSA8815 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8832 Affected: WSA8835 Affected: WSA8840 Affected: WSA8845 Affected: WSA8845H |
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},
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"version": "Qualcomm Video Collaboration VC1 Platform"
},
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CVE-2023-22408 (GCVE-0-2023-22408)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-07 15:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: SRX 5000 Series: Upon processing of a specific SIP packet an FPC can crash
Summary
An Improper Validation of Array Index vulnerability in the SIP ALG of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX 5000 Series allows a network-based, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS). When an attacker sends an SIP packets with a malformed SDP field then the SIP ALG can not process it which will lead to an FPC crash and restart. Continued receipt of these specific packets will lead to a sustained Denial of Service. This issue can only occur when both below mentioned conditions are fulfilled: 1. Call distribution needs to be enabled: [security alg sip enable-call-distribution] 2. The SIP ALG needs to be enabled, either implicitly / by default or by way of configuration. To confirm whether SIP ALG is enabled on SRX, and MX with SPC3 use the following command: user@host> show security alg status | match sip SIP : Enabled This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX 5000 Series: 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R3-S5; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R3-S4; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S3; 21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S3; 21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S2; 22.1 versions prior to 22.1R2-S2, 22.1R3; 22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3; 22.3 versions prior to 22.3R1-S1, 22.3R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 20.4R1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-07 14:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
- Denial of Service (DoS)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA70204 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Unaffected:
unspecified , < 20.4R1
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-01-11 00:00
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CVE-2023-22401 (GCVE-0-2023-22401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-12 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-07 15:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: PTX10008, PTX10016: When a specific SNMP MIB is queried the FPC will crash
Summary
An Improper Validation of Array Index vulnerability in the Advanced Forwarding Toolkit Manager daemon (aftmand) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS). On the PTX10008 and PTX10016 platforms running Junos OS or Junos OS Evolved, when a specific SNMP MIB is queried this will cause a PFE crash and the FPC will go offline and not automatically recover. A system restart is required to get the affected FPC in an operational state again. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS 22.1 version 22.1R2 and later versions; 22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3; 22.2 versions prior to 22.2R2. Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved 21.3-EVO version 21.3R3-EVO and later versions; 21.4-EVO version 21.4R1-S2-EVO, 21.4R2-EVO and later versions prior to 21.4R2-S1-EVO; 22.1-EVO version 22.1R2-EVO and later versions prior to 22.1R3-EVO; 22.2-EVO versions prior to 22.2R1-S1-EVO, 22.2R2-EVO.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-07 15:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
- Denial of Service (DoS)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA70197 |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
22.1R2 , < 22.1*
(custom)
Affected: 22.2 , < 22.2R2 (custom) |
|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS Evolved |
Affected:
21.3R3-EVO , < 21.3-EVO*
(custom)
Affected: 21.4R1-S2-EVO, 21.4R2-EVO , < 21.4-EVO* (custom) Affected: 22.1R2-EVO , < 22.1-EVO* (custom) Affected: 22.2-EVO , < 22.2R1-S1-EVO, 22.2R2-EVO (custom) |
Date Public
2023-01-11 00:00
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CVE-2023-21650 (GCVE-0-2023-21650)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-08 09:14 – Updated: 2024-08-02 09:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Validation of Array Index in GPS HLOS Driver
Summary
Memory Corruption in GPS HLOS Driver when injectFdclData receives data with invalid data length.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
AQT1000
Affected: CSRB31024 Affected: QAM8295P Affected: QCA6390 Affected: QCA6391 Affected: QCA6420 Affected: QCA6426 Affected: QCA6430 Affected: QCA6436 Affected: QCA6564 Affected: QCA6564AU Affected: QCA6574A Affected: QCA6574AU Affected: QCA6595AU Affected: QCA6696 Affected: QCC5100 Affected: QCS410 Affected: QCS610 Affected: SA415M Affected: SA6145P Affected: SA6150P Affected: SA6155P Affected: SA8145P Affected: SA8150P Affected: SA8155P Affected: SA8195P Affected: SA8295P Affected: SD855 Affected: SD865 5G Affected: SD870 Affected: SDA429W Affected: SDX55M Affected: SDXR2 5G Affected: SW5100 Affected: SW5100P Affected: WCD9341 Affected: WCD9370 Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCN3610 Affected: WCN3660B Affected: WCN3680B Affected: WCN3950 Affected: WCN3980 Affected: WCN3988 Affected: WCN3998 Affected: WCN6850 Affected: WCN6851 Affected: WSA8810 Affected: WSA8815 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8835 |
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CVE-2023-21636 (GCVE-0-2023-21636)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-05 06:23 – Updated: 2024-08-02 09:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Validation of Array Index in Linux
Summary
Memory Corruption due to improper validation of array index in Linux while updating adn record.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qualcomm, Inc. | Snapdragon |
Affected:
AQT1000
Affected: QCA6390 Affected: QCA6391 Affected: QCA6420 Affected: QCA6426 Affected: QCA6430 Affected: QCA6436 Affected: QCA6574A Affected: QCA6574AU Affected: QCA6595AU Affected: QCA6696 Affected: QCC5100 Affected: SA515M Affected: SA6145P Affected: SA6150P Affected: SA6155P Affected: SA8145P Affected: SA8150P Affected: SA8155P Affected: SA8195P Affected: SD480 Affected: SD695 Affected: SD855 Affected: SD865 5G Affected: SD870 Affected: SDA429W Affected: SDX55 Affected: SDX55M Affected: SDXR2 5G Affected: SM4375 Affected: SW5100 Affected: SW5100P Affected: WCD9341 Affected: WCD9360 Affected: WCD9370 Affected: WCD9375 Affected: WCD9380 Affected: WCD9385 Affected: WCN3610 Affected: WCN3660B Affected: WCN3680B Affected: WCN3980 Affected: WCN3988 Affected: WCN3991 Affected: WCN3998 Affected: WCN6850 Affected: WCN6851 Affected: WSA8810 Affected: WSA8815 Affected: WSA8830 Affected: WSA8835 |
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CVE-2023-20601 (GCVE-0-2023-20601)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 17:31 – Updated: 2026-02-12 18:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Improper input validation within RAS TA Driver can allow a local attacker to access out-of-bounds memory, potentially resulting in a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-12 18:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ PRO VII |
Unaffected:
AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.5.1 (23.19.23.01 pre-RDNA), AMD Software: PRO Edition 25.Q2 (23.19.23.01 pre-RDNA)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Radeon™ VII |
Unaffected:
AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.5.1 (23.19.23.01 pre-RDNA), AMD Software: PRO Edition 25.Q2 (23.19.23.01 pre-RDNA)
|
Date Public
2026-02-12 17:31
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CVE-2023-20080 (GCVE-0-2023-20080)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-23 00:00 – Updated: 2024-10-28 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software IPv6 DHCP (DHCPv6) Relay and Server Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the IPv6 DHCP version 6 (DHCPv6) relay and server features of Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of data boundaries. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted DHCPv6 messages to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload unexpectedly.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-28 16:24 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/c… | vendor-advisory |
Date Public
2023-03-22 00:00
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CVE-2023-6298 (GCVE-0-2023-6298)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-26 23:00 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:26 Disputed
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apryse iText PdfDocument.java main array index
Summary
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Apryse iText 8.0.2. This vulnerability affects the function main of the file PdfDocument.java. The manipulation leads to improper validation of array index. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The real existence of this vulnerability is still doubted at the moment. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-246124. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. A statement published afterwards explains that the exception is not a vulnerability and the identified CWEs might not apply to the software.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.246124 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.246124 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1OBAeGH_rN… | exploit |
| https://kb.itextpdf.com/itext/statement-regarding… | related |
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Mitigation MIT-7
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
- Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
Mitigation MIT-35
Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.