Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
18184 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-112373 (GCVE-0-2026-112373)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 23:00 – Updated: 2026-10-19 23:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
H3C Magic NX15 usrlist sub_416874 stack-based overflow
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in H3C Magic NX15 NX15V100R017. This impacts the function sub_416874 of the file /usr/bin/usrlist. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.
Severity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422421 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422421/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112373 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/983540 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/XxingGoD/H3C-NX15-R017-Vulns/t… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| H3C | Magic NX15 |
Affected:
NX15V100R017
cpe:2.3:o:h3c:magic_nx15_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-112108 (GCVE-0-2026-112108)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 11:15 – Updated: 2026-10-19 11:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ztxz16 fastllm String Parsing gguf.cpp ReadString buffer overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in ztxz16 fastllm up to 0.1.8.2. This impacts the function GGUFBuffer::ReadString of the file third_party/gguf/gguf.cpp of the component String Parsing. This manipulation of the argument len causes buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422102 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422102/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112108 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1013191 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ztxz16/fastllm/issues/759 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3302756… | exploit |
| https://github.com/ztxz16/fastllm/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-112107 (GCVE-0-2026-112107)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 11:00 – Updated: 2026-10-19 12:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ztxz16 fastllm Safetensors Weight Loading model.cpp CreateBuffer buffer overflow
Summary
A flaw has been found in ztxz16 fastllm up to 1.8.2. Affected by this issue is the function SafeTensorItem::CreateBuffer of the file src/model.cpp of the component Safetensors Weight Loading. This manipulation of the argument data_offsets causes buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 12:44 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422072 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422072/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112107 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1013187 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ztxz16/fastllm/issues/758 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3302739… | exploit |
| https://github.com/ztxz16/fastllm/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-112094 (GCVE-0-2026-112094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 08:00 – Updated: 2026-10-19 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
michaelrsweet mxml mxml-file.c mxml_load_data use after free
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in michaelrsweet mxml 4.0.5/4.0.6. This affects the function mxml_load_data of the file mxml-file.c. The manipulation leads to use after free. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 17:23 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421908 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421908/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112094 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1011796 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/michaelrsweet/mxml/issues/358 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3283654… | patch |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3270182… | exploit |
| https://github.com/michaelrsweet/mxml/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| michaelrsweet | mxml |
Affected:
4.0.5
Affected: 4.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:michaelrsweet:mxml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-112073 (GCVE-0-2026-112073)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 03:15 – Updated: 2026-10-19 03:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tencent ncnn MatMul matmul.cpp matmul_transb out-of-bounds
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Tencent ncnn up to 44b02dabdcf97499281a4692ebd65bad73dcf8b6. Affected by this vulnerability is the function matmul_transb of the file src/layer/matmul.cpp of the component MatMul. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421752 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421752/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112073 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1009476 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn/issues/7034 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-112036 (GCVE-0-2026-112036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 00:45 – Updated: 2026-10-19 16:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Artifex MuPDF Signature Locking pdf-xref.c free_char_list double free
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Artifex MuPDF up to 1.28.5. This impacts the function free_char_list of the file source/pdf/pdf-xref.c of the component Signature Locking. Performing a manipulation results in double free. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The patch is named 3984925b660afb8a781ddf504021e91be1bc671e. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 15:46 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421684 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421684/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112036 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1008495 | third-party-advisory |
| https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=709768 | issue-tracking |
| https://bugs.ghostscript.com/attachment.cgi?id=28609 | exploit |
| http://www.ghostscript.com/cgi-bin/findgit.cgi?39… | broken-linkpatch |
| https://artifex.com/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-110958 (GCVE-0-2026-110958)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 15:30 – Updated: 2026-10-15 18:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wavlink WN530HG4B api.cgi heap-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WN530HG4B M30HG4B_V260724. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file api.cgi. The manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. Upgrading to version 2026-09-24-841a51c6d5_tclinux.bin is sufficient to resolve this issue. The affected component should be upgraded. The vendor confirms: "We confirm the finding, and it has already been addressed. In the current firmware the api=info&client=app handler no longer builds a shell command: the login script is now invoked through an argument vector (execvp) instead of system(), and the client address is length-limited and null-checked."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 18:34 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/420571 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/420571/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-110958 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/933388 | third-party-advisory |
| https://drive.google.com/file/d/12OOh8g9YDCbD-Q4c… | exploit |
| https://dl.wavlink.com/firmware/RD/WN530BE2_WAVLI… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-110810 (GCVE-0-2026-110810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 00:00 – Updated: 2026-10-15 15:34 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ggml-org whisper.cpp Model Loader whisper_model_load out-of-bounds
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in ggml-org whisper.cpp up to 1.9.4. This affects the function whisper_model_load of the file src/whisper.cpp of the component Model Loader. Performing a manipulation of the argument ttype results in out-of-bounds read. The attack must be initiated from a local position. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.9.5 is able to mitigate this issue. The patch is named 60c0be6ac8fa71b1a2ae2dd938a31a34a508e774. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 15:33 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/420280 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/420280/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-110810 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1004714 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/issues/4090 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/pull/4091 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/commit/60… | patch |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/releases/… | patch |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ggml-org | whisper.cpp |
Affected:
1.9.0
Affected: 1.9.1 Affected: 1.9.2 Affected: 1.9.3 Affected: 1.9.4 Unaffected: 1.9.5 cpe:2.3:a:ggml-org:whisper.cpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-110698 (GCVE-0-2026-110698)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 21:45 – Updated: 2026-10-14 21:45 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Praat Model Loader whisper.cpp whisper_model_load out-of-bounds write
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Praat up to 7.0.02. Affected is the function whisper_model_load of the file external/whispercpp/whisper.cpp of the component Model Loader. The manipulation of the argument n_dims leads to out-of-bounds write. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The identifier of the patch is a910d21a2705ef4cd16d91f29cdc8da1ab1a7221. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch. The project maintainer confirms: "We did a quick fix (suggested fix 1) for Praat version 7.0.03, and scheduled a better fix (suggested fix 2)."
Severity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/419892 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/419892/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-110698 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1004713 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/praat/praat.github.io/issues/3348 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/PaulBoersma/praat/commit/a910d… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-110695 (GCVE-0-2026-110695)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 21:15 – Updated: 2026-10-15 15:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
turboderp ExLlamaV2 Safetensors Tensor Loader stloader.py STFile.get_tensor buffer overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in turboderp ExLlamaV2 up to 0.3.2. Affected is the function STFile.get_tensor of the file exllamav2/stloader.py of the component Safetensors Tensor Loader. Performing a manipulation of the argument data_offsets results in buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 14:52 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/419848 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/419848/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-110695 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1003958 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/turboderp-org/exllamav2/issues/820 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/3em0/cve_repo/blob/main/2026/E… | exploit |
Impacted products
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"vendor": "turboderp",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.3.0"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.3.2"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "r1ck99 (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB CNA Team"
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],
"descriptions": [
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"value": "A vulnerability was detected in turboderp ExLlamaV2 up to 0.3.2. Affected is the function STFile.get_tensor of the file exllamav2/stloader.py of the component Safetensors Tensor Loader. Performing a manipulation of the argument data_offsets results in buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet."
}
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"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
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{
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"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
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"references": [
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"name": "VDB-419848 | turboderp ExLlamaV2 Safetensors Tensor Loader stloader.py STFile.get_tensor buffer overflow",
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{
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{
"name": "CVE-2026-110695 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-110695"
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{
"name": "Submit #1003958 | turboderp ExLlamaV2 0.3.2 (commit 6a2d8311) and master commit 7dc12af Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/1003958"
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/turboderp-org/exllamav2/issues/820"
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/3em0/cve_repo/blob/main/2026/ExLlamaV2-0.3.2-Heap-Buffer-Overflow-in-the-safetensors-tensor-loader(STFile.get_tensor-stloader_read).md"
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"timeline": [
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"time": "2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
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{
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"time": "2026-10-14T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-14T15:56:44.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
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"title": "turboderp ExLlamaV2 Safetensors Tensor Loader stloader.py STFile.get_tensor buffer overflow",
"x_generator": [
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}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-110695",
"datePublished": "2026-10-14T21:15:09.917Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-14T13:51:38.387Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T15:04:39.797Z",
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.