Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11483 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-53W9-WG73-GHRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2024-04-07 03:30
VLAI
Details
The GD Graphics Library (aka LibGD) through 2.3.2 has an out-of-bounds read because of the lack of certain gdGetBuf and gdPutBuf return value checks.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40812"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The GD Graphics Library (aka LibGD) through 2.3.2 has an out-of-bounds read because of the lack of certain gdGetBuf and gdPutBuf return value checks.",
"id": "GHSA-53w9-wg73-ghrw",
"modified": "2024-04-07T03:30:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:13:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libgd/libgd/issues/750#issuecomment-914872385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libgd/libgd/commit/6f5136821be86e7068fcdf651ae9420b5d42e9a9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00003.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5428-JHFR-7HXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-03 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 03:30
VLAI
Details
In watchdog, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07494487; Issue ID: ALPS07494487.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32639"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-200"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-03T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In watchdog, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07494487; Issue ID: ALPS07494487.",
"id": "GHSA-5428-jhfr-7hxg",
"modified": "2023-01-10T03:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-01-03T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/January-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-544J-8M5V-3FRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-23 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-30 18:30
VLAI
Details
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO::decode_iptc_iim() functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.3.19.0. A specially-crafted TIFF file can lead to a disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO::decode_iptc_iim() functionality of OpenImageIO Project OpenImageIO v2.3.19.0. A specially-crafted TIFF file can lead to a disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-544j-8m5v-3frm",
"modified": "2022-12-30T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2022-12-23T00:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T3LET4MEPBSBJZK4EMLEBY4FUXKU5BMN"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5384"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-545V-42P7-98FQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 14:25 – Updated: 2024-11-01 17:06
VLAI
Summary
Heap out of bounds read in `MaxPoolGradWithArgmax`
Details
Impact
The implementation of tf.raw_ops.MaxPoolGradWithArgmax can cause reads outside of bounds of heap allocated data if attacker supplies specially crafted inputs:
import tensorflow as tf
input = tf.constant([10.0, 10.0, 10.0], shape=[1, 1, 3, 1], dtype=tf.float32)
grad = tf.constant([10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0], shape=[1, 1, 1, 4], dtype=tf.float32)
argmax = tf.constant([1], shape=[1], dtype=tf.int64)
ksize = [1, 1, 1, 1]
strides = [1, 1, 1, 1]
tf.raw_ops.MaxPoolGradWithArgmax(
input=input, grad=grad, argmax=argmax, ksize=ksize, strides=strides,
padding='SAME', include_batch_in_index=False)
The implementation uses the same value to index in two different arrays but there is no guarantee that the sizes are identical.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit dcd7867de0fea4b72a2b34bd41eb74548dc23886.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29570"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-18T18:54:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe implementation of `tf.raw_ops.MaxPoolGradWithArgmax` can cause reads outside of bounds of heap allocated data if attacker supplies specially crafted inputs:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\ninput = tf.constant([10.0, 10.0, 10.0], shape=[1, 1, 3, 1], dtype=tf.float32)\ngrad = tf.constant([10.0, 10.0, 10.0, 10.0], shape=[1, 1, 1, 4], dtype=tf.float32)\nargmax = tf.constant([1], shape=[1], dtype=tf.int64)\nksize = [1, 1, 1, 1]\nstrides = [1, 1, 1, 1]\n \ntf.raw_ops.MaxPoolGradWithArgmax(\n input=input, grad=grad, argmax=argmax, ksize=ksize, strides=strides,\n padding=\u0027SAME\u0027, include_batch_in_index=False)\n```\n\nThe [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/ef0c008ee84bad91ec6725ddc42091e19a30cf0e/tensorflow/core/kernels/maxpooling_op.cc#L1016-L1017) uses the same value to index in two different arrays but there is no guarantee that the sizes are identical. \n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [dcd7867de0fea4b72a2b34bd41eb74548dc23886](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/dcd7867de0fea4b72a2b34bd41eb74548dc23886).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions. \n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.",
"id": "GHSA-545v-42p7-98fq",
"modified": "2024-11-01T17:06:23Z",
"published": "2021-05-21T14:25:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-545v-42p7-98fq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29570"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/dcd7867de0fea4b72a2b34bd41eb74548dc23886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-498.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-696.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-207.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Heap out of bounds read in `MaxPoolGradWithArgmax`"
}
GHSA-546F-M7RQ-7RXW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 09:30 – Updated: 2024-06-04 09:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in bootloader prior to SMR June-2024 Release 1 allows physical attackers to arbitrary data access.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T07:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in bootloader prior to SMR June-2024 Release 1 allows physical attackers to arbitrary data access.",
"id": "GHSA-546f-m7rq-7rxw",
"modified": "2024-06-04T09:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-06-04T09:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2024\u0026month=06"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-54C9-J53F-C7V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds read in Windows DWM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.0 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55681"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds read in Windows DWM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-54c9-j53f-c7v9",
"modified": "2025-10-14T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55681"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55681"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-54CV-WJ74-27XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-28 21:30
VLAI
Details
Adobe Dimension versions 3.4.7 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26335"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Dimension versions 3.4.7 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-54cv-wj74-27xr",
"modified": "2023-03-28T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-03-28T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/dimension/apsb23-20.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-54GC-9MVF-CQGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2023-01-18 00:30
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.0.10. SMB2_negotiate in fs/cifs/smb2pdu.c has an out-of-bounds read because data structures are incompletely updated after a change from smb30 to smb21.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-04T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.0.10. SMB2_negotiate in fs/cifs/smb2pdu.c has an out-of-bounds read because data structures are incompletely updated after a change from smb30 to smb21.",
"id": "GHSA-54gc-9mvf-cqgf",
"modified": "2023-01-18T00:30:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b57a55e2200ede754e4dc9cce4ba9402544b9365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/ChangeLog-5.0.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191004-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4162-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4162-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-54GX-9G28-H45H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-05 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-24 18:33
VLAI
Details
Due to length check, an attacker with privilege access on a Linux Nonsecure operating system can trigger a vulnerability and leak the secure memory from the Trusted Application
Severity
10.0 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22004"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-05T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Due to length check, an attacker with privilege access on a Linux Nonsecure operating system can trigger a vulnerability and leak the secure\u00a0memory from the Trusted Application",
"id": "GHSA-54gx-9g28-h45h",
"modified": "2025-07-24T18:33:16Z",
"published": "2024-04-05T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.google.com/product-documentation/answer/14580222?hl=en\u0026ref_topic=12974021\u0026sjid=10751611047462550096-NA"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-54J5-RQVJ-PVHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in picoTCP and picoTCP-NG through 1.7.0. The DNS domain name record decompression functionality in pico_dns_decompress_name() in pico_dns_common.c does not validate the compression pointer offset values with respect to the actual data present in a DNS response packet, causing out-of-bounds reads that lead to Denial-of-Service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24339"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-11T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in picoTCP and picoTCP-NG through 1.7.0. The DNS domain name record decompression functionality in pico_dns_decompress_name() in pico_dns_common.c does not validate the compression pointer offset values with respect to the actual data present in a DNS response packet, causing out-of-bounds reads that lead to Denial-of-Service.",
"id": "GHSA-54j5-rqvj-pvhx",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-343-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/815128"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.