Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

11885 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-40380 (GCVE-0-2026-40380)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 16:58 – Updated: 2026-08-10 15:12
VLAI
Title
Windows Volume Manager Extension Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Heap-based buffer overflow in Volume Manager Extension Driver allows an authorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-13 10:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9140 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8755 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7291 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7079 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8457 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8457 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2113 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26079 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26079 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23181 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23181 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9140 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9140 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8755 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8755 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5139 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2330 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32860 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32860 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-12 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40360 (GCVE-0-2026-40360)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 16:58 – Updated: 2026-08-10 15:12
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-13 13:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Excel 2016 Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.5552.1000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.109.26051019 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.109.26051019 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Office Online Server Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20128 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-12 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40340 (GCVE-0-2026-40340)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 23:45 – Updated: 2026-04-20 13:36
VLAI
Title
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_OI() in ptp-pack.c via malicious PTP ObjectInfo response
Summary
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in `ptp_unpack_OI()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (lines 530–563). The function validates `len < PTP_oi_SequenceNumber` (i.e., len < 48) but subsequently accesses offsets 48–56, up to 9 bytes beyond the validated boundary, via the Samsung Galaxy 64-bit objectsize detection heuristic. Commit 7c7f515bc88c3d0c4098ac965d313518e0ccbe33 fixes the issue.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 13:29 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gphoto libgphoto2 Affected: <= 2.5.33
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-40339 (GCVE-0-2026-40339)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 23:42 – Updated: 2026-04-20 14:56
VLAI
Title
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD() FormFlag parsing in ptp-pack.c
Summary
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read in `ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (line 842). The function reads the FormFlag byte via `dtoh8o(data, *poffset)` without a prior bounds check. The standard `ptp_unpack_DPD()` at lines 686–687 correctly validates `*offset + sizeof(uint8_t) > dpdlen` before this same read, but the Sony variant omits this check entirely. Commit 09f8a940b1e418b5693f5c11e3016a1ad2cea62d fixes the issue.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 14:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gphoto libgphoto2 Affected: <= 2.5.33
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40338 (GCVE-0-2026-40338)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 23:40 – Updated: 2026-04-20 16:16
VLAI
Title
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD() enumeration count parsing in ptp-pack.c
Summary
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read in the PTP_DPFF_Enumeration case of `ptp_unpack_Sony_DPD()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (line 856). The function reads a 2-byte enumeration count N via `dtoh16o(data, *poffset)` without verifying that 2 bytes remain in the buffer. The standard `ptp_unpack_DPD()` at line 704 has this exact check, confirming the Sony variant omitted it by oversight. Commit 3b9f9696be76ae51dca983d9dd8ce586a2561845 fixes the issue.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 16:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gphoto libgphoto2 Affected: <= 2.5.33
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-40335 (GCVE-0-2026-40335)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 23:19 – Updated: 2026-04-20 13:36
VLAI
Title
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_DPV() UINT128/INT128 handling in ptp-pack.c
Summary
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. Versions up to and including 2.5.33 have an out-of-bounds read in `ptp_unpack_DPV()` in `camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c` (lines 622–629). The UINT128 and INT128 cases advance `*offset += 16` without verifying that 16 bytes remain in the buffer. The entry check at line 609 only guarantees `*offset < total` (at least 1 byte available), leaving up to 15 bytes unvalidated. Commit 433bde9888d70aa726e32744cd751d7dbe94379a patches the issue.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 13:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gphoto libgphoto2 Affected: <= 2.5.33
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CVE-2026-40333 (GCVE-0-2026-40333)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 23:11 – Updated: 2026-04-20 14:56
VLAI
Title
libgphoto2 has OOB read in ptp_unpack_EOS_ImageFormat() and ptp_unpack_EOS_CustomFuncEx() due to missing length parameter in ptp-pack.c
Summary
libgphoto2 is a camera access and control library. In versions up to and including 2.5.33, two functions in camlibs/ptp2/ptp-pack.c accept a data pointer but no length parameter, performing unbounded reads. Their callers in ptp_unpack_EOS_events() have xsize available but never pass it, leaving both functions unable to validate reads against the actual buffer boundary. Commit 1817ecead20c2aafa7549dac9619fe38f47b2f53 patches the issue.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 14:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gphoto libgphoto2 Affected: <= 2.5.33
Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2026-40253 (GCVE-0-2026-40253)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-16 22:04 – Updated: 2026-04-17 12:27
VLAI
Title
openCryptoki: Memory safety vulnerabilities in BER/DER decoders in asn1.c
Summary
openCryptoki is a PKCS#11 library and provides tooling for Linux and AIX. In versions 3.26.0 and below, the BER/DER decoding functions in the shared common library (asn1.c) accept a raw pointer but no buffer length parameter, and trust attacker-controlled BER length fields without validating them against actual buffer boundaries. All primitive decoders are affected: ber_decode_INTEGER, ber_decode_SEQUENCE, ber_decode_OCTET_STRING, ber_decode_BIT_STRING, and ber_decode_CHOICE. Additionally, ber_decode_INTEGER can produce integer underflows when the encoded length is zero. An attacker supplying a malformed BER-encoded cryptographic object through PKCS#11 operations such as C_CreateObject or C_UnwrapKey, token loading from disk, or remote backend communication can trigger out-of-bounds reads. This affects all token backends (Soft, ICA, CCA, TPM, EP11, ICSF) since the vulnerable code is in the shared common library. A patch is available thorugh commit ed378f463ef73364c89feb0fc923f4dc867332a3.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-17 12:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
opencryptoki opencryptoki Affected: <= 3.26.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-40215 (GCVE-0-2026-40215)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-08 19:59 – Updated: 2026-06-16 12:24
VLAI
Summary
A race condition in OpenVPN 2.6.0 through 2.6.19 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.1 allows remote attackers to potentially cause a server crash or leak heap memory via a use-after-free triggered during TLS session promotion.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:L/SI:N/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 12:24 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenVPN OpenVPN Affected: 2.6.0 , ≤ 2.6.19 (semver)
Affected: 2.7_alpha1 , ≤ 2.7.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2026-40144 (GCVE-0-2026-40144)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 16:05 – Updated: 2026-08-17 18:28
VLAI
Title
Memory corruption vulnerability in Endpoint Privilege Management (Windows deployments)
Summary
A memory-corruption vulnerability exists in a kernel-mode component of BeyondTrust Endpoint Privilege Management (Windows deployments) prior to version 26.1.2. Insufficient validation of input processed by the component may result in memory being accessed outside its intended bounds.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 18:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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