Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11292 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-22859 (GCVE-0-2026-22859)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 17:57 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP has a heap-buffer-overflow in urb_select_configuration
Summary
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.20.1, the URBDRC client does not perform bounds checking on server‑supplied MSUSB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR values and uses them as indices in libusb_udev_complete_msconfig_setup, causing an out‑of‑bounds read. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.20.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
19 references
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FreeRDP | FreeRDP |
Affected:
< 3.20.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
2:3.10.3-12.el10_2.2 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.2 , < * (rpm) cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:3.10.3-3.el10_0.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.1.1-5.el7_9.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-3.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.0.0-46.rc4.el8_2.7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-8.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-8.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-1.el9_7.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.4.1-3.el9_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.4.1-6.el9_2.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.2-1.el9_4.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-1.el9_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
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CVE-2026-22858 (GCVE-0-2026-22858)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 17:56 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP has a global-buffer-overflow in crypto_base64_decode
Summary
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.20.1, global-buffer-overflow was observed in FreeRDP's Base64 decoding path. The root cause appears to be implementation-defined char signedness: on Arm/AArch64 builds, plain char is treated as unsigned, so the guard c <= 0 can be optimized into a simple c != 0 check. As a result, non-ASCII bytes (e.g., 0x80-0xFF) may bypass the intended range restriction and be used as an index into a global lookup table, causing out-of-bounds access. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.20.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
19 references
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FreeRDP | FreeRDP |
Affected:
< 3.20.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
2:3.10.3-12.el10_2.2 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.2 , < * (rpm) cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:3.10.3-3.el10_0.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.1.1-5.el7_9.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-3.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.0.0-46.rc4.el8_2.7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-8.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-8.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-1.el9_7.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.4.1-3.el9_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.4.1-6.el9_2.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.2-1.el9_4.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-1.el9_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
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CVE-2026-22855 (GCVE-0-2026-22855)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 17:50 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP has a heap-buffer-overflow in smartcard_unpack_set_attrib_call
Summary
FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.20.1, a heap out-of-bounds read occurs in the smartcard SetAttrib path when cbAttrLen does not match the actual NDR buffer length. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.20.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
18 references
Impacted products
18 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FreeRDP | FreeRDP |
Affected:
< 3.20.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
2:3.10.3-12.el10_2.2 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.2 , < * (rpm) cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:3.10.3-3.el10_0.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.1.1-5.el7_9.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-3.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-8.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-8.el8_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-1.el9_7.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.4.1-3.el9_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
2:2.4.1-6.el9_2.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.2-1.el9_4.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
2:2.11.7-1.el9_6.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
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CVE-2026-22801 (GCVE-0-2026-22801)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 22:57 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LIBPNG has an integer truncation causing heap buffer over-read in png_image_write_*
Summary
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. From 1.6.26 to 1.6.53, there is an integer truncation in the libpng simplified write API functions png_write_image_16bit and png_write_image_8bit causes heap buffer over-read when the caller provides a negative row stride (for bottom-up image layouts) or a stride exceeding 65535 bytes. The bug was introduced in libpng 1.6.26 (October 2016) by casts added to silence compiler warnings on 16-bit systems. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.6.54.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-22717 (GCVE-0-2026-22717)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 19:11 – Updated: 2026-02-27 20:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
VMware Workstation out-of-bound read vulnerability
Summary
Out-of-bound read vulnerability in VMware Workstation 25H1 and below on any platform allows an actor with non-administrative privileges on a guest VM to obtain limited information disclosure from the machine where VMware Workstation is installed.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| VMware | Workstation |
Affected:
25H2 , < 25H1U1
(custom)
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CVE-2026-22695 (GCVE-0-2026-22695)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 22:55 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LIBPNG has a heap buffer over-read in png_image_read_direct_scaled (regression from CVE-2025-65018 fix)
Summary
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. From 1.6.51 to 1.6.53, there is a heap buffer over-read in the libpng simplified API function png_image_finish_read when processing interlaced 16-bit PNGs with 8-bit output format and non-minimal row stride. This is a regression introduced by the fix for CVE-2025-65018. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.6.54.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/issues/778 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/commit/218612d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/commit/e4f7ad4ea2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-22185 (GCVE-0-2026-22185)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 20:26 – Updated: 2026-05-25 23:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenLDAP LMDB mdb_load Heap Buffer Underflow in readline()
Summary
OpenLDAP Lightning Memory-Mapped Database (LMDB) versions up to and including 0.9.14, prior to commit 8e1fda8, contain a heap buffer underflow in the readline() function of mdb_load. When processing malformed input containing an embedded NUL byte, an unsigned offset calculation can underflow and cause an out-of-bounds read of one byte before the allocated heap buffer. This can cause mdb_load to crash, leading to a limited denial-of-service condition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Jan/5 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Jan/8 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.openldap.org/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openldap-lmd… | third-party-advisory |
| https://bugs.openldap.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10421 | issue-trackingpatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenLDAP Foundation | OpenLDAP |
Affected:
0.9.14 , < 0.9.34
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-22023 (GCVE-0-2026-22023)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:17 – Updated: 2026-01-13 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-Bounds Read in KMC AEAD Encrypt Metadata Parsing via Flawed strtok Pattern
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, there is an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in cryptography_aead_encrypt(). This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/2372efd3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21900 (GCVE-0-2026-21900)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:14 – Updated: 2026-01-13 17:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-Bounds Read in KMC Encrypt Metadata Parsing via Flawed strtok Pattern
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in cryptography_encrypt() occurs when parsing JSON metadata from KMC server responses. The flawed strtok iteration pattern uses ptr + strlen(ptr) + 1 which reads one byte past allocated buffer boundaries when processing short or malformed metadata strings. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/2372efd3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21899 (GCVE-0-2026-21899)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:11 – Updated: 2026-01-12 20:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib has an out-of-bounds read and crash vulnerability when decoding an empty Base64url string
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, in base64urlDecode, padding-stripping dereferences input[inputLen - 1] before checking that inputLen > 0 or that input != NULL. For inputLen == 0, this becomes an OOB read at input[-1], potentially crashing the process. If input == NULL and inputLen == 0, it dereferences NULL - 1. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.