Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1188

Allowed

Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.

502 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GCVE-1-2026-0015 (CVE-2026-25815)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-02-09 09:09 – Updated: 2026-02-09 09:14
VLAI
Title
Threat actors use FortiCloud SSO bypass to collect LDAP connection passwords
Summary
**CERT.at gained access to a toolkit of an unknown threat actor targeting FortiCloud SSO bypass in Fortinet appliances (CVE-2025-59718/CVE-2025-59719). We are releasing under TLP:CLEAR key findings about likely post-exploitation goals of the attacker.** The obtained exploit works only for the original vulnerability and is not effective against patched devices. It is, however, known that the flaw still exists and affects all SSO setups in Fortinet appliances. The exploit behavior is consistent with our previous publication -  https://www.cert.at/en/blog/2026/1/look-at-forticloud-sso-bypass-exploitation https://www.cert.at/en/blog/2026/1/look-at-forticloud-sso-bypass-exploitation) . The exploit is prepared to work against FortiGate instances, and in the toolkit, we have found two scripts for the post-exploitation analysis of the collected configuration dumps. The attacker: * looks for the LDAP/AD configuration settings, * is in the possession of the default FortiGate configuration encryption key. The “regular bind“ mode of LDAP/AD connection with FortiGate requires providing user credentials for the appliance, which FortiGate uses to establish a connection with the LDAP server. They are encrypted in the configuration, but by default, the encryption key is static and the same on all instances. We were able to confirm that the key included in the attacker toolkit works on the fresh FortiGate 7.6.5 VM. **Note:** in our tests, we also confirmed that the normal local user passwords are NOT possible to retrieve back. Our understanding is that only the data that is necessary to become back (LDAP connection password for regular bind, private keys for certificates, etc.) could be decrypted. Preventive recommendations -------------------------- We strongly recommend activating the “private data encryption” feature in FortiGate devices, which replaces the default encryption key. This step is also officially recommended by Fortinet as a hardening measure. The encryption key has to be the same in all instances in an HA cluster. Using a custom encryption key helps “buying time” for credential rotation after a configuration leak. As always, CERT.at strongly recommends keeping management interfaces not accessible from the public internet. In the last blog post, the Fortinet PSIRT recommends setting a local-in policy to restrict access on the administrative interface.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
CIRCL GNA GNA-1
GNA scorecard B 90/100 over 244 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fortinet fortios Affected: ≤ 7.6.6
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kamil Mankowski
Relationships
update GCVE-1-2026-0015 (this record)
To clipboard 

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GCVE-1337-2025-000000000… (CVE-2025-35021)

Vulnerability from gna-1337 – Published: 2025-11-04 00:23 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:23
VLAI
Title
Abilis CPX Fallback Shell Connection Relay
Summary
By failing to authenticate three times to an unconfigured Abilis CPX device via SSH, an attacker can login to a restricted shell on the fourth attempt, and from there, relay connections.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
AHA! GNA GNA-1337
GNA scorecard C 73/100 over 14 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Abilis CPX Affected: 0 , < 9.0.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-11-04 00:06
Credits
HD Moore Tod Beardsley AHA!
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-66482 (GCVE-0-2025-66482)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-15 23:18 – Updated: 2025-12-16 15:09
VLAI
Title
Misskey has a login rate limit bypass via spoofed X-Forwarded-For header
Summary
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. Attackers who use an untrusted reverse proxy or not using a reverse proxy at all can bypass IP rate limiting by adding a forged X-Forwarded-For header. Starting with version 2025.9.1, an option (`trustProxy`) has been added in config file to prevent this from happening. However, it is initialized with an insecure default value before version 2025.12.0-alpha.2, making it still vulnerable if the configuration is not set correctly. This is patched in v2025.12.0-alpha.2 by flipping default value of `trustProxy` to `false`. Users of a trusted reverse proxy who are unsure if they manually overode this value should check their config for optimal behavior. Users are running Misskey with a trusted reverse proxy should not be affected by this vulnerability. From v2025.9.1 to v2025.11.1, workaround is available. Set `trustProxy: false` in config file.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-16 14:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-307 - Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misskey-dev misskey Affected: >= 2025.9.1, < 2025.12.0-alpha.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-66416 (GCVE-0-2025-66416)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-02 18:14 – Updated: 2025-12-02 18:45
VLAI
Title
DNS Rebinding Protection Disabled by Default in Model Context Protocol Python SDK for Servers Running on Localhost
Summary
The MCP Python SDK, called `mcp` on PyPI, is a Python implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP). Prior to version 1.23.0, tThe Model Context Protocol (MCP) Python SDK does not enable DNS rebinding protection by default for HTTP-based servers. When an HTTP-based MCP server is run on localhost without authentication using FastMCP with streamable HTTP or SSE transport, and has not configured TransportSecuritySettings, a malicious website could exploit DNS rebinding to bypass same-origin policy restrictions and send requests to the local MCP server. This could allow an attacker to invoke tools or access resources exposed by the MCP server on behalf of the user in those limited circumstances. Note that running HTTP-based MCP servers locally without authentication is not recommended per MCP security best practices. This issue does not affect servers using stdio transport. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.23.0.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-02 18:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-66414 (GCVE-0-2025-66414)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-02 18:12 – Updated: 2025-12-02 18:46
VLAI
Title
DNS Rebinding Protection Disabled by Default in Model Context Protocol TypeScript SDK for Servers Running on Localhost
Summary
MCP TypeScript SDK is the official TypeScript SDK for Model Context Protocol servers and clients. Prior to 1.24.0, The Model Context Protocol (MCP) TypeScript SDK does not enable DNS rebinding protection by default for HTTP-based servers. When an HTTP-based MCP server is run on localhost without authentication with StreamableHTTPServerTransport or SSEServerTransport and has not enabled enableDnsRebindingProtection, a malicious website could exploit DNS rebinding to bypass same-origin policy restrictions and send requests to the local MCP server. This could allow an attacker to invoke tools or access resources exposed by the MCP server on behalf of the user in those limited circumstances. Note that running HTTP-based MCP servers locally without authentication is not recommended per MCP security best practices. This issue does not affect servers using stdio transport. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.24.0.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-02 18:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-64781 (GCVE-0-2025-64781)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-12 05:02 – Updated: 2025-12-12 20:26
VLAI
Summary
In GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.7.1, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.7.1, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver5.7.1, "External page display restriction" is set to "Do not limit" in the initial configuration. With this configuration, the user may be redirected to an arbitrary website when accessing a specially crafted URL.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-12 20:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Initialization of a resource with an insecure default
Assigner
jpcert CNA under the jpcert root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 178 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-62877 (GCVE-0-2025-62877)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-08 12:29 – Updated: 2026-01-08 14:43
VLAI
Title
Harvest may expose OS default ssh login password via SUSE Virtualization Interactive Installer
Summary
Projects using the SUSE Virtualization (Harvester) environment may expose the OS default ssh login password  if they are using the 1.5.x or 1.6.x interactive installer to either create a new cluster or add new hosts to an existing cluster. The environment is not affected if the PXE boot mechanism is utilized along with the Harvester configuration setup.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-08 14:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Assigner
suse CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 78/100 over 101 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SUSE harvester Affected: 1.6.0 (semver)
Affected: 1.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-01-05 19:25
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-62802 (GCVE-0-2025-62802)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-28 21:42 – Updated: 2025-10-29 14:53
VLAI
Title
DNN CKEditor Provider allows unauthenticated upload out-of-the-box
Summary
DNN (formerly DotNetNuke) is an open-source web content management platform (CMS) in the Microsoft ecosystem. Prior to 10.1.1, the out-of-box experience for HTML editing allows unauthenticated users to upload files. This opens a potential vector to other security issues and is not needed on most implementations. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.1.1.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-29 14:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7730 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dnnsoftware Dnn.Platform Affected: < 10.1.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-59097 (GCVE-0-2025-59097)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 10:04 – Updated: 2026-01-26 16:09
VLAI
Title
Unauthenticated SOAP API in dormakaba access manager
Summary
The exos 9300 application can be used to configure Access Managers (e.g. 92xx, 9230 and 9290). The configuration is done in a graphical user interface on the dormakaba exos server. As soon as the save button is clicked in exos 9300, the whole configuration is sent to the selected Access Manager via SOAP. The SOAP request is sent without any prior authentication or authorization by default. Though authentication and authorization can be configured using IPsec for 92xx-K5 devices and mTLS for 92xx-K7 devices, it is not enabled by default and must therefore be activated with additional steps. This insecure default allows an attacker with network level access to completely control the whole environment. An attacker is for example easily able to conduct the following tasks without prior authentication: - Re-configure Access Managers (e.g. remove alarming system requirements) - Freely re-configure the inputs and outputs - Open all connected doors permanently - Open all doors for a defined time interval - Change the admin password - and many more Network level access can be gained due to an insufficient network segmentation as well as missing LAN firewalls. Devices with an insecure configuration have been identified to be directly exposed to the internet.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-26 16:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-1188 - Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Assigner
SEC-VLab CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 22 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dormakaba Access Manager 92xx-k5 Affected: 92xx-K5: All Versions
Create a notification for this product.
dormakaba Access Manager 92xx-k7 Affected: 92xx-K7: Older than BAME 06.00 must be configured
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Clemens Stockenreitner, SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Werner Schober, SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-59090 (GCVE-0-2025-59090)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 10:03 – Updated: 2026-01-26 15:38
VLAI
Title
Unauthenticated SOAP API in dormakaba Kaba exos 9300
Summary
On the exos 9300 server, a SOAP API is reachable on port 8002. This API does not require any authentication prior to sending requests. Therefore, network access to the exos server allows e.g. the creation of arbitrary access log events as well as querying the 2FA PINs associated with the enrolled chip cards.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-26 15:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-1188 - Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Assigner
SEC-VLab CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 22 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dormakaba Kaba exos 9300 Affected: <4.4.0 manual mitigation needed
Unaffected: >=4.4.0 with 92xx-K7 secured by default
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Clemens Stockenreitner, SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Werner Schober, SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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            }
          ],
          "value": "It is highly recommended to encrypt the communication to the Access Manager 92xx K5 via IPSec. The Configuration is described in the device reference manual. It is also recommended to secure the used communication port from external access.\n\nTo encrypt the communication to the Access Manager 92xx K7, an mTLS connection can be set up. For new installations in combination with exos 4.4.x, HTTPS with self-signed certificates is activated by default. In existing installations, this must be configured manually. HTTPS with self-signed certificates can be configured at any time. The configuration is described in the device reference manual.  It is also recommended to secure or close the used communication port from external access."
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Unauthenticated SOAP API in dormakaba Kaba exos 9300",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "551230f0-3615-47bd-b7cc-93e92e730bbf",
    "assignerShortName": "SEC-VLab",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-59090",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-26T10:03:21.868Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-09T07:52:56.382Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-26T15:38:17.362Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

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