CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2317 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8QRG-7J2F-RF2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-21 15:31Crawl4AI before 0.8.7 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability due to a hardcoded default JWT signing key in the Docker API server. Attackers who know the default key can forge valid authentication tokens for any user, bypassing authentication and gaining full access to protected functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-21T14:16:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Crawl4AI before 0.8.7 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability due to a hardcoded default JWT signing key in the Docker API server. Attackers who know the default key can forge valid authentication tokens for any user, bypassing authentication and gaining full access to protected functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-8qrg-7j2f-rf2h",
"modified": "2026-06-21T15:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-06-21T15:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai/security/advisories/GHSA-365w-hqf6-vxfg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crawl4ai-authentication-bypass-via-hardcoded-jwt-signing-key"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8QX5-W9W4-M7P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-29 03:31 – Updated: 2024-10-29 03:31IBM Flexible Service Processor (FSP) FW860.00 through FW860.B3, FW950.00 through FW950.C0, FW1030.00 through FW1030.61, FW1050.00 through FW1050.21, and FW1060.00 through FW1060.10 has static credentials which may allow network users to gain service privileges to the FSP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-29T01:15:03Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM Flexible Service Processor (FSP) FW860.00 through FW860.B3, FW950.00 through FW950.C0, FW1030.00 through FW1030.61, FW1050.00 through FW1050.21, and FW1060.00 through FW1060.10 has static credentials which may allow network users to gain service privileges to the FSP.",
"id": "GHSA-8qx5-w9w4-m7p5",
"modified": "2024-10-29T03:31:06Z",
"published": "2024-10-29T03:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7174183"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RHV-C5F5-9XWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:50Use of a hard-coded encryption key in Ivanti LANDESK Management Suite (LDMS, aka Endpoint Manager) 10.0.1.168 Service Update 5 may lead to full managed endpoint compromise by an authenticated user with read privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-03T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Use of a hard-coded encryption key in Ivanti LANDESK Management Suite (LDMS, aka Endpoint Manager) 10.0.1.168 Service Update 5 may lead to full managed endpoint compromise by an authenticated user with read privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-8rhv-c5f5-9xwh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:50:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gnzlabs.io/gnzlabs-blog/landesk-management-server-hard-coded-encryption-key"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8V3C-9HR5-HQM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-13 00:01Quagga Services on D-Link DIR-2640 less than or equal to version 1.11B02 use default hard-coded credentials, which can allow a remote attacker to gain administrative access to the zebra or ripd those services. Both are running with root privileges on the router (i.e., as the "admin" user, UID 0).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-30T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Quagga Services on D-Link DIR-2640 less than or equal to version 1.11B02 use default hard-coded credentials, which can allow a remote attacker to gain administrative access to the zebra or ripd those services. Both are running with root privileges on the router (i.e., as the \"admin\" user, UID 0).",
"id": "GHSA-8v3c-9hr5-hqm7",
"modified": "2022-01-13T00:01:53Z",
"published": "2021-12-31T00:00:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-44"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8V6M-V7W5-7R88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-09-30 00:00In PEPPERL+FUCHS WirelessHART-Gateway 3.0.7 to 3.0.9 the SSH and telnet services are active with hard-coded credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34565"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-31T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In PEPPERL+FUCHS WirelessHART-Gateway 3.0.7 to 3.0.9 the SSH and telnet services are active with hard-coded credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-8v6m-v7w5-7r88",
"modified": "2022-09-30T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en-us/advisories/vde-2021-027"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8V8F-RJRW-VG47
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:39In SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd Diabecare RS, AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A, a hard-coded physician PIN in the physician menu of the insulin pump allows attackers with physical access to change insulin therapy settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27256"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In SOOIL Developments Co., Ltd Diabecare RS, AnyDana-i and AnyDana-A, a hard-coded physician PIN in the physician menu of the insulin pump allows attackers with physical access to change insulin therapy settings.",
"id": "GHSA-8v8f-rjrw-vg47",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:39:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsma-21-012-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8VMP-8F6C-X5HR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-12 03:31 – Updated: 2023-12-14 00:30A hard-coded cryptographic private key used to sign JWT authentication tokens in ProLion CryptoSpike 3.0.15P2 allows remote attackers to impersonate arbitrary users and roles in web management and REST API endpoints via crafted JWT tokens.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36647"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-12T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A hard-coded cryptographic private key used to sign JWT authentication tokens in ProLion CryptoSpike 3.0.15P2 allows remote attackers to impersonate arbitrary users and roles in web management and REST API endpoints via crafted JWT tokens.",
"id": "GHSA-8vmp-8f6c-x5hr",
"modified": "2023-12-14T00:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-12-12T03:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cvcn.gov.it/cvcn/cve/CVE-2023-36647"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VV2-MWJJ-9VR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-12 06:30 – Updated: 2025-07-12 06:30A hardcoded secret in Ivanti DSM before 2024.2 allows an authenticated attacker on an adjacent network to decrypt sensitive data including user credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38648"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-12T04:15:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A hardcoded secret in Ivanti DSM before 2024.2 allows an authenticated attacker on an adjacent network to decrypt sensitive data including user credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-8vv2-mwjj-9vr6",
"modified": "2025-07-12T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-07-12T06:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/SA-2024-07-12-CVE-2024-38648"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8VX7-65JM-CWQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-20 00:01An information disclosure vulnerability exists due to the hardcoded TLS key of reolink RLC-410W v3.0.0.136_20121102. A specially-crafted man-in-the-middle attack can lead to a disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-28T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists due to the hardcoded TLS key of reolink RLC-410W v3.0.0.136_20121102. A specially-crafted man-in-the-middle attack can lead to a disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can perform a man-in-the-middle attack to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-8vx7-65jm-cwq7",
"modified": "2022-04-20T00:01:44Z",
"published": "2022-01-29T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1448"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8W2F-5QFQ-PRWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-27 00:00 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38The Emerson DeltaV Distributed Control System (DCS) controllers and IO cards through 2022-04-29 misuse passwords. WIOC SSH provides access to a shell as root, DeltaV, or backup via hardcoded credentials. NOTE: this is different from CVE-2014-2350.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-26T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Emerson DeltaV Distributed Control System (DCS) controllers and IO cards through 2022-04-29 misuse passwords. WIOC SSH provides access to a shell as root, DeltaV, or backup via hardcoded credentials. NOTE: this is different from CVE-2014-2350.",
"id": "GHSA-8w2f-5qfq-prwh",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:22Z",
"published": "2022-07-27T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-181-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.forescout.com/blog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.