CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2317 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8J2V-WPMP-5J96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38Baxter SIGMA Spectrum Infusion System version 6.05 (model 35700BAX) with wireless battery module (WBM) version 16 has a default account with hard-coded credentials used with the FTP protocol. Baxter asserts no files can be transferred to or from the WBM using this account. Baxter has released a new version of the SIGMA Spectrum Infusion System, Version 8, which incorporates hardware and software changes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-26T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Baxter SIGMA Spectrum Infusion System version 6.05 (model 35700BAX) with wireless battery module (WBM) version 16 has a default account with hard-coded credentials used with the FTP protocol. Baxter asserts no files can be transferred to or from the WBM using this account. Baxter has released a new version of the SIGMA Spectrum Infusion System, Version 8, which incorporates hardware and software changes.",
"id": "GHSA-8j2v-wpmp-5j96",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-181-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J46-PM7J-WH94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 21:32Tenda W30E v2.0 V16.01.0.8 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password vulnerability in /etc_ro/shadow, which allows attackers to log in as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52789"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-19T17:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda W30E v2.0 V16.01.0.8 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password vulnerability in /etc_ro/shadow, which allows attackers to log in as root.",
"id": "GHSA-8j46-pm7j-wh94",
"modified": "2024-11-22T21:32:12Z",
"published": "2024-11-19T18:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52789"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://colorful-meadow-5b9.notion.site/W30E_HardCode_vuln-13dc216a1c30805998f8d994f966760a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J5G-5398-WGWQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-14 12:30Comarch ERP Optima client makes use of a hard-coded password for a database user. These credentials cannot be changed. It is possible for a remote attacker to gain an access to the database with elevated privileges including executing system commands on a server. This issue has been fixed in version 2026.4
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T11:16:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Comarch ERP Optima client makes use of a hard-coded password for a database user. These credentials cannot be changed. It is possible for a remote attacker to gain an access to the database with elevated privileges including executing system commands on a server.\nThis issue has been fixed in version 2026.4",
"id": "GHSA-8j5g-5398-wgwq",
"modified": "2026-05-14T12:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-05-14T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2026/05/CVE-2025-68420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.comarch.pl/erp/comarch-optima"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8J6V-82X4-PG34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-24 21:30FLIR AX8 Thermal Camera 1.32.16 contains hard-coded SSH and web panel credentials that cannot be changed through normal camera operations. Attackers can exploit these persistent credentials to gain unauthorized shell access and login to multiple camera interfaces using predefined username and password combinations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-24T20:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "FLIR AX8 Thermal Camera 1.32.16 contains hard-coded SSH and web panel credentials that cannot be changed through normal camera operations. Attackers can exploit these persistent credentials to gain unauthorized shell access and login to multiple camera interfaces using predefined username and password combinations.",
"id": "GHSA-8j6v-82x4-pg34",
"modified": "2025-12-24T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-12-24T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.flir.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2018-5494.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8JFV-VFXW-8Q23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-21 18:32Contec FXA3200 version 1.13 and under were discovered to contain a hard coded hash password for root stored in the component /etc/shadow. As the password strength is weak, it can be cracked in few minutes. Through this credential, a malicious actor can access the Wireless LAN Manager interface and open the telnet port then sniff the traffic or inject any malware.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36159"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-26T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Contec FXA3200 version 1.13 and under were discovered to contain a hard coded hash password for root stored in the component /etc/shadow. As the password strength is weak, it can be cracked in few minutes. Through this credential, a malicious actor can access the Wireless LAN Manager interface and open the telnet port then sniff the traffic or inject any malware.",
"id": "GHSA-8jfv-vfxw-8q23",
"modified": "2025-05-21T18:32:58Z",
"published": "2022-09-27T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Nwqda/aac33d1936d2b514a3268f145345abb4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU98305100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://samy.link/blog/contec-flexlan-fxa2000-and-fxa3000-series-vulnerability-repo"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.contec.com/products-services/computer-networking/flexlan-fx/fx-accesspoint/fxa3200/feature/#section"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8JGQ-23X7-86XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2022-10-14 12:00Linear eMerge E3-Series devices have Hard-coded Credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Linear eMerge E3-Series devices have Hard-coded Credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-8jgq-23x7-86xm",
"modified": "2022-10-14T12:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:00:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://applied-risk.com/labs/advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.applied-risk.com/resources/ar-2019-005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155267/Nortek-Linear-eMerge-E3-Access-Controller-1.00-06-SSH-FTP-Remote-Root.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8JGW-F9PJ-QFW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-11 21:31An OEM IP camera manufactured by Shenzhen Liandian Communication Technology LTD exposes a Telnet service (port 23) with undocumented, default credentials. The Telnet service is enabled by default and is not disclosed or configurable via the device’s web interface or user manual. An attacker with network access can authenticate using default credentials and gain root-level shell access to the device. The affected firmware version is AppFHE1_V1.0.6.0 (Kernel: KerFHE1_PTZ_WIFI_V3.1.1, Hardware: HwFHE1_WF6_PTZ_WIFI_20201218). No official fix or firmware update is available, and the vendor could not be contacted. This vulnerability allows for remote code execution and privilege escalation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7503"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T19:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An OEM IP camera manufactured by Shenzhen Liandian Communication Technology LTD exposes a Telnet service (port 23) with undocumented, default credentials. The Telnet service is enabled by default and is not disclosed or configurable via the device\u2019s web interface or user manual. An attacker with network access can authenticate using default credentials and gain root-level shell access to the device. The affected firmware version is AppFHE1_V1.0.6.0 (Kernel: KerFHE1_PTZ_WIFI_V3.1.1, Hardware: HwFHE1_WF6_PTZ_WIFI_20201218). No official fix or firmware update is available, and the vendor could not be contacted. This vulnerability allows for remote code execution and privilege escalation.",
"id": "GHSA-8jgw-f9pj-qfw2",
"modified": "2025-07-11T21:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T21:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AounShAh/Research-on-v380-cctv-ip-camera"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8JPG-62JC-HWHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-08 22:16A security issue was discovered in the Kubernetes Image Builder versions <= v0.1.37 where default credentials are enabled during the image build process when using the Nutanix, OVA, QEMU or raw providers. The credentials can be used to gain root access. The credentials are disabled at the conclusion of the image build process. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if their nodes use VM images created via the Image Builder project. Because these images were vulnerable during the image build process, they are affected only if an attacker was able to reach the VM where the image build was happening and used the vulnerability to modify the image at the time the image build was occurring.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/image-builder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.1.38"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9594"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-17T20:28:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T21:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security issue was discovered in the Kubernetes Image Builder versions \u003c= v0.1.37 where default credentials are enabled during the image build process\u00a0when using the Nutanix, OVA, QEMU or raw providers. The credentials can be used to gain root access. The credentials are disabled at the conclusion of the image build process. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if their nodes use VM images created via the Image Builder project. Because these images were vulnerable during the image build process, they are affected only if an attacker was able to reach the VM where the image build was happening and used the vulnerability to modify the image at the time the image build was occurring.",
"id": "GHSA-8jpg-62jc-hwhr",
"modified": "2024-11-08T22:16:25Z",
"published": "2024-10-15T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/128007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/image-builder/pull/1596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/UKJG-oZogfA/m/Lu1hcnHmAQAJ"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "VM images built with Image Builder with some providers use default credentials during builds in github.com/kubernetes-sigs/image-builder"
}
GHSA-8JX6-RJ4V-69VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:31Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password in the FTP protocol.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55021"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T20:16:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password in the FTP protocol.",
"id": "GHSA-8jx6-rj4v-69vf",
"modified": "2026-03-04T18:31:50Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/AenganZ/f86ed0da28825a1432ec697f484622de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plain-trick-71d.notion.site/weintek-cMT-3072XH2-14687a89c4c181eeb21ad61e0392f34b?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8JX9-CWMV-694C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:44A vulnerability in the configuration of a local database installed as part of the Cisco Energy Management Suite (CEMS) could allow an authenticated, local attacker to access and alter confidential data. The vulnerability is due to the installation of the PostgreSQL database with unchanged default access credentials. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to the machine where CEMS is installed and establishing a local connection to the database. The fix for this vulnerability randomizes the database access password in new installations; however, the fix will not change the password for existing installations. Users are required to manually change the password, as documented in the Workarounds section of this advisory. There are workarounds that address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0468"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-04T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the configuration of a local database installed as part of the Cisco Energy Management Suite (CEMS) could allow an authenticated, local attacker to access and alter confidential data. The vulnerability is due to the installation of the PostgreSQL database with unchanged default access credentials. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to the machine where CEMS is installed and establishing a local connection to the database. The fix for this vulnerability randomizes the database access password in new installations; however, the fix will not change the password for existing installations. Users are required to manually change the password, as documented in the Workarounds section of this advisory. There are workarounds that address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-8jx9-cwmv-694c",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:44:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:44:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20181204-ems-sql-passwrd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106124"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.