Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Allowed-with-Review

Out-of-bounds Write

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

15099 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-XQW5-F5F6-22VF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 03:34 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array

The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21785"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T03:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\narm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array\n\nThe loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds\ncheck on the array size but does not account for cache levels with\nseparate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index\nfor any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).",
  "id": "GHSA-xqw5-f5f6-22vf",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:01Z",
  "published": "2025-02-27T03:34:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XQX7-FG5R-HRMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:03
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka "HTML Layout Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-2560"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2010-08-11T18:47:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 7, and 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka \"HTML Layout Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-xqx7-fg5r-hrmg",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:03:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:03:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2560"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11832"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-222A.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-XQXF-Q4XJ-JXH3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31
VLAI
Details

A buffer overflow vulnerability in the IKEv2 processing of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges on the firewall, or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition.

Panorama, Cloud NGFW, and Prisma® Access are not impacted by these vulnerabilities.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0263"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T18:16:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A buffer overflow vulnerability in the IKEv2 processing of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS\u00ae software allows an unauthenticated network-based attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges on the firewall, or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition.\n\n\nPanorama, Cloud NGFW, and Prisma\u00ae Access are not impacted by these vulnerabilities.",
  "id": "GHSA-xqxf-q4xj-jxh3",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:58Z",
  "published": "2026-05-13T18:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0263"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0263"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:H/U:Red",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XQXH-7JRJ-2MVM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:08 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:08
VLAI
Details

In several functions of binder.c, there is possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android kernel. Android ID: A-120025789.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-2000"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-02-28T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In several functions of binder.c, there is possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android kernel. Android ID: A-120025789.",
  "id": "GHSA-xqxh-7jrj-2mvm",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:08:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:08:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2000"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-02-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46356"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106851"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XQXR-JQ6F-63F9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-23 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32
VLAI
Details

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 16.4, iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4, macOS Ventura 13.3, iOS 15.7.7 and iPadOS 15.7.7. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32435"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-23T18:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 16.4, iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4, macOS Ventura 13.3, iOS 15.7.7 and iPadOS 15.7.7. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-xqxr-jq6f-63f9",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:44Z",
  "published": "2023-06-23T18:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213670"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213671"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213676"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213811"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-32435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/29/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XQXW-8F97-VF86

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-06 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-06 09:30
VLAI
Details

When calculating the content path in handling of MPEG-DASH manifests, there's an out-of-bounds NUL-byte write one byte past the end of the buffer.When we call xmlNodeGetContent below [0], it returns a buffer precisely allocated to match the string length, using strdup internally. If this buffer is not an empty string, it is assigned to root_url at [1].If the last (non-NUL) byte in this buffer is not '/' then we append '/' in-place at [2]. This will write two bytes into the buffer, starting at the last valid byte in the buffer, writing the NUL byte beyond the end of the allocated buffer. We recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59728"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-06T08:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "When calculating the content path in handling of MPEG-DASH manifests, there\u0027s an out-of-bounds NUL-byte write one byte past the end of the buffer.When we call xmlNodeGetContent\u00a0below [0], it returns a buffer precisely allocated to match the string length, using strdup\u00a0internally. If this buffer is not an empty string, it is assigned to root_url\u00a0at [1].If the last (non-NUL) byte in this buffer is not \u0027/\u0027\u00a0then we append \u0027/\u0027\u00a0in-place at [2]. This will write two bytes into the buffer, starting at the last valid byte in the buffer, writing the NUL byte beyond the end of the allocated buffer.\nWe recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.",
  "id": "GHSA-xqxw-8f97-vf86",
  "modified": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/433502298"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XR27-V8WC-87CR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:45
VLAI
Details

An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the XML_UploadFile Wi-Fi command of the NT9665X Chipset firmware, running on the Anker Roav A1 Dashcam, version RoavA1SWV1.9. A specially crafted packet can cause a stack-based buffer overflow, resulting in code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-4023"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-13T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable code execution vulnerability exists in the XML_UploadFile Wi-Fi command of the NT9665X Chipset firmware, running on the Anker Roav A1 Dashcam, version RoavA1SWV1.9. A specially crafted packet can cause a stack-based buffer overflow, resulting in code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-xr27-v8wc-87cr",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T16:45:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:45:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4023"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0695"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XR2R-HJ4R-GW3Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-02 12:30 – Updated: 2024-09-02 12:30
VLAI
Details

Memory corruption during the handshake between the Primary Virtual Machine and Trusted Virtual Machine.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-33054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-120",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-02T12:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Memory corruption during the handshake between the Primary Virtual Machine and Trusted Virtual Machine.",
  "id": "GHSA-xr2r-hj4r-gw3q",
  "modified": "2024-09-02T12:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-09-02T12:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/september-2024-bulletin.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XR39-5FQF-FR82

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2023-01-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Unspecified vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.242 and earlier, as used in the Adobe Flash libraries in Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge, has unknown impact and attack vectors, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in MS16-083.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-4127"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-06-16T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.242 and earlier, as used in the Adobe Flash libraries in Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge, has unknown impact and attack vectors, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in MS16-083.",
  "id": "GHSA-xr39-5fqf-fr82",
  "modified": "2023-01-26T21:30:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:04:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2016/ms16-083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-18.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00031.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00035.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00038.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036117"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XR3F-RQV7-H627

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details

D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Change ID Password New Username Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20062.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-35735"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Change ID Password New Username Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20062.",
  "id": "GHSA-xr3f-rqv7-h627",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:53Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1240"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.