CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17047 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RXPC-6M32-PHCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Illustrator version 26.5.2 (and earlier) and 27.2.0 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25861"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Illustrator version 26.5.2 (and earlier) and 27.2.0 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-rxpc-6m32-phcj",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb23-19.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXPG-C894-3G4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-03 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-04 21:31An issue was discovered in Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos 1380. The lack of a length check leads to out-of-bounds writes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23097"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-03T20:15:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos 1380. The lack of a length check leads to out-of-bounds writes.",
"id": "GHSA-rxpg-c894-3g4j",
"modified": "2025-06-04T21:31:13Z",
"published": "2025-06-03T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://semiconductor.samsung.com/support/quality-support/product-security-updates"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://semiconductor.samsung.com/support/quality-support/product-security-updates/cve-2025-23097"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXQC-W45Q-H56R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-10 00:00A vulnerability has been identified in Simcenter Femap V2020.2 (All versions), Simcenter Femap V2021.1 (All versions). Affected application contains a stack based buffer overflow vulnerability while parsing NEU files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-14646, ZDI-CAN-14679, ZDI-CAN-15084, ZDI-CAN-15304)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46154"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Simcenter Femap V2020.2 (All versions), Simcenter Femap V2021.1 (All versions). Affected application contains a stack based buffer overflow vulnerability while parsing NEU files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-14646, ZDI-CAN-14679, ZDI-CAN-15084, ZDI-CAN-15304)",
"id": "GHSA-rxqc-w45q-h56r",
"modified": "2022-02-10T00:00:27Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-609880.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-304"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RXR9-8674-7XW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21pubRsaDecryptSignedElementExt in MatrixSSL 4.0.1 Open, as used in Inside Secure TLS Toolkit, has a stack-based buffer overflow during X.509 certificate verification because of missing validation in psRsaDecryptPubExt in crypto/pubkey/rsa_pub.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10914"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-08T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "pubRsaDecryptSignedElementExt in MatrixSSL 4.0.1 Open, as used in Inside Secure TLS Toolkit, has a stack-based buffer overflow during X.509 certificate verification because of missing validation in psRsaDecryptPubExt in crypto/pubkey/rsa_pub.c.",
"id": "GHSA-rxr9-8674-7xw8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrixssl/matrixssl/issues/26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrixssl/matrixssl/releases/tag/4-0-2-open"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/02/15/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXRR-XWV6-CP7M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-30 00:01Tenda AC10-1200 v15.03.06.23_EN was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the urls parameter in the saveParentControlInfo function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38278"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-23T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC10-1200 v15.03.06.23_EN was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the urls parameter in the saveParentControlInfo function.",
"id": "GHSA-rxrr-xwv6-cp7m",
"modified": "2022-03-30T00:01:04Z",
"published": "2022-03-24T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://noob3xploiter.medium.com/hacking-the-tenda-ac10-1200-router-part-2-strcpy-buffer-overflow-92cd88e1d503"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXV7-J96R-9MJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-29 21:31D-Link DIR-882 1.10B02 and 1.20B06 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via webGetVarString.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-22T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-882 1.10B02 and 1.20B06 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via webGetVarString.",
"id": "GHSA-rxv7-j96r-9mj5",
"modified": "2025-04-29T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2022-11-22T15:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RobinWang825/IoT_vuln/tree/main/D-Link/DIR-882/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXVC-MXWF-46C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:30 – Updated: 2026-09-09 03:30A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability affects certain NETGEAR models allowing an authenticated admin user to make unauthorized modification to router software and functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11736"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T16:17:27Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability affects certain NETGEAR models allowing an authenticated admin user to make unauthorized modification to router software and functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-rxvc-mxwf-46c8",
"modified": "2026-09-09T03:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T18:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11736"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/xr1000v2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/xr1000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/raxe500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/raxe450"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax54sv2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax50v2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax50s"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax50"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax49s"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax43v2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax42v2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41v2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax41"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax35v2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/support/product/rax20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000070887/August-2026-NETGEAR-Security-Advisory"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXVF-JG5H-5FV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-16 00:31 – Updated: 2026-10-21 03:32libmodplug through 0.8.9.1 contains a heap-based out-of-bounds write in CSoundFile::ReadDSM() in src/load_dsm.cpp because nPat is never checked against MAX_PATTERNS. Attackers can supply a crafted DSM file with over 240 PATT chunks or a wrapping patt_len value to corrupt heap memory and crash the consuming process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-111270"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-15T22:19:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "libmodplug through 0.8.9.1 contains a heap-based out-of-bounds write in CSoundFile::ReadDSM() in src/load_dsm.cpp because nPat is never checked against MAX_PATTERNS. Attackers can supply a crafted DSM file with over 240 PATT chunks or a wrapping patt_len value to corrupt heap memory and crash the consuming process.",
"id": "GHSA-rxvf-jg5h-5fv5",
"modified": "2026-10-21T03:32:06Z",
"published": "2026-10-16T00:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Konstanty/libmodplug"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Konstanty/libmodplug/blob/d1b97ed0020bc620a059d3675d1854b40bd2608d/src/load_dsm.cpp#L130-L139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@haind-pwn/cve-2026-111270-111271-libmodplug-dsm-pattern-oob-write"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@haind-pwn/libmodplug-dsm-pattern-oob-write"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/libmodplug-through-0.8.9.1-heap-out-of-bounds-write-via-csoundfile-readdsm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXVJ-92W6-PX48
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:50Off-by-one read/write on the heap in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 62.0.3202.62 allowed a remote attacker to corrupt memory and possibly leak information and potentially execute code via a crafted PDF file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-07T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Off-by-one read/write on the heap in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 62.0.3202.62 allowed a remote attacker to corrupt memory and possibly leak information and potentially execute code via a crafted PDF file.",
"id": "GHSA-rxvj-92w6-px48",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:50:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:50:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2997"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2017/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/762106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201710-24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-4020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101482"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXVQ-2CG8-7H7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the "cc" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd l_bt, at 0x9d016104, the value for the grp key is copied using strcpy to the buffer at $sp+0x1b4.This buffer is 8 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the \"cc\" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd l_bt, at 0x9d016104, the value for the `grp` key is copied using `strcpy` to the buffer at `$sp+0x1b4`.This buffer is 8 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-rxvq-2cg8-7h7r",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-01-12T00:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.