Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2022-31027 (GCVE-0-2022-31027)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-06 21:15 – Updated: 2025-04-23 18:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key when using CILogonOAuthenticator in oauthenticator
Summary
OAuthenticator is an OAuth token library for the JupyerHub login handler. CILogonOAuthenticator is provided by the OAuthenticator package, and lets users log in to a JupyterHub via CILogon. This is primarily used to restrict a JupyterHub only to users of a given institute. The allowed_idps configuration trait of CILogonOAuthenticator is documented to be a list of domains that indicate the institutions whose users are authorized to access this JupyterHub. This authorization is validated by ensuring that the *email* field provided to us by CILogon has a *domain* that matches one of the domains listed in `allowed_idps`.If `allowed_idps` contains `berkeley.edu`, you might expect only users with valid current credentials provided by University of California, Berkeley to be able to access the JupyterHub. However, CILogonOAuthenticator does *not* verify which provider is used by the user to login, only the email address provided. So a user can login with a GitHub account that has email set to `<something>@berkeley.edu`, and that will be treated exactly the same as someone logging in using the UC Berkeley official Identity Provider. The patch fixing this issue makes a *breaking change* in how `allowed_idps` is interpreted. It's no longer a list of domains, but configuration representing the `EntityID` of the IdPs that are allowed, picked from the [list maintained by CILogon](https://cilogon.org/idplist/). Users are advised to upgrade.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-23 14:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/oauthenticator/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jupyterhub | oauthenticator |
Affected:
< 15.0.0
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CVE-2022-29159 (GCVE-0-2022-29159)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-20 15:40 – Updated: 2025-04-22 18:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Possibility for anyone to add a stack with existing tasks on anyone's board in Nextcloud Deck
Summary
Nextcloud Deck is a Kanban-style project & personal management tool for Nextcloud. In versions prior to 1.4.8, 1.5.6, and 1.6.1, an authenticated user can move stacks with cards from their own board to a board of another user. The Nextcloud Deck app contains a patch for this issue in versions 1.4.8, 1.5.6, and 1.6.1. There are no known currently-known workarounds available.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-22 15:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/deck/pull/3541 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1450117 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 1.4.8
Affected: >= 1.5.0, < 1.5.6 Affected: = 1.6.0 |
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CVE-2022-23061 (GCVE-0-2022-23061)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-01 12:40 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Shopizer - IDOR delete superadmin
Summary
In Shopizer versions 2.0 to 2.17.0 a regular admin can permanently delete a superadmin (although this cannot happen according to the documentation) via Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/shopizer-ecommerce/shopizer/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| shopizer-ecommerce | Shopizer |
Affected:
2.0 , < unspecified
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.17.0 (custom) |
Date Public
2022-04-06 00:00
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CVE-2022-4812 (GCVE-0-2022-4812)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 16:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
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CVE-2022-4811 (GCVE-0-2022-4811)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 16:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in usememos usememos/memos.This issue affects usememos/memos before 0.9.1.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
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CVE-2022-4806 (GCVE-0-2022-4806)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 18:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 18:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
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CVE-2022-4803 (GCVE-0-2022-4803)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 17:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2022-4802 (GCVE-0-2022-4802)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 17:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2022-4799 (GCVE-0-2022-4799)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 18:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2022-4798 (GCVE-0-2022-4798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-10 18:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.1.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| usememos | usememos/memos |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.9.1
(custom)
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.