Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5740 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-2173 (GCVE-0-2023-2173)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-31 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BadgeOS <= 3.7.1.6 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Post Deletion
Summary
The BadgeOS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 3.7.1.6. This is due to improper validation and authorization checks within the badgeos_delete_step_ajax_handler, badgeos_delete_award_step_ajax_handler, badgeos_delete_deduct_step_ajax_handler, and badgeos_delete_rank_req_step_ajax_handler functions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to delete arbitrary posts.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-27 13:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| learningtimes | BadgeOS |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.7.1.6
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-2172 (GCVE-0-2023-2172)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-31 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BadgeOS <= 3.7.1.6 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Post Title Overwrite
Summary
The BadgeOS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 3.7.1.6. This is due to improper validation and authorization checks within the badgeos_update_steps_ajax_handler, badgeos_update_award_steps_ajax_handler, badgeos_update_deduct_steps_ajax_handler, and badgeos_update_ranks_req_steps_ajax_handler functions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to overwrite arbitrary post titles.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-27 13:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| learningtimes | BadgeOS |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.7.1.6
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-2065 (GCVE-0-2023-2065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-24 12:04 – Updated: 2026-05-22 11:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Armoli Technology's Cargo Tracking System
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Armoli Technology Cargo Tracking System allows Authentication Abuse, Authentication Bypass.
This issue affects Cargo Tracking System: before 3558f28 .
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-16 15:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0287 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
| https://https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0287 | government-resourcex_transferred |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armoli Technology | Cargo Tracking System |
Affected:
0 , < 3558f28
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-05-24 12:00
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CVE-2023-1889 (GCVE-0-2023-1889)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-09 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Directorist <= 7.5.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Post Deletion in listing_task
Summary
The Directorist plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to an Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 7.5.4. This is due to improper validation and authorization checks within the listing_task function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to delete arbitrary posts. Please note CVE-2023-35052 appears to be a duplicate of this issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-20 23:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wpwax | Directorist: AI-Powered Business Directory, Listings & Classified Ads |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.5.4
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-1463 (GCVE-0-2023-1463)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-17 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-26 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in nilsteampassnet/teampass
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository nilsteampassnet/teampass prior to 3.0.0.23.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-26 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nilsteampassnet | nilsteampassnet/teampass |
Affected:
unspecified , < 3.0.0.23
(custom)
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CVE-2023-1462 (GCVE-0-2023-1462)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-21 08:16 – Updated: 2026-06-01 11:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Digikent
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Vadi Corporate Information Systems DigiKent allows Authentication Bypass, Authentication Abuse. This issue affects DigiKent: before 23.03.20.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-26 16:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0161 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vadi Corporate Information Systems | DigiKent |
Affected:
0 , < 23.03.20
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-03-21 08:10
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CVE-2023-0985 (GCVE-0-2023-0985)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-06 10:06 – Updated: 2025-01-07 19:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Helmholz and MB Connect Line: Account takeover via password reset in multiple products
Summary
An Authorization Bypass vulnerability was found in MB Connect Lines mbCONNECT24, mymbCONNECT24 and Helmholz' myREX24 and myREX24.virtual version <= 2.13.3. An authenticated remote user with low privileges can change the password of any user in the same account. This allows to take over the admin user and therefore fully compromise the account.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-07 19:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MB Connect Line | mbCONNECT24 |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 2.13.3
(semver)
|
|
| MB Connect Line | mymbCONNECT24 |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 2.13.3
(semver)
|
|
| Helmholz | myREX24 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.13.3
(semver)
|
|
| Helmholz | myREX24.virtual |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.13.3
(semver)
|
Date Public
2023-05-15 10:00
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CVE-2023-0882 (GCVE-0-2023-0882)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-17 06:44 – Updated: 2026-06-01 11:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key on Single Connect
Summary
Improper Input Validation, Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Kron Tech Single Connect on Windows allows Privilege Abuse. This issue affects Single Connect: 2.16.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-12 20:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.krontech.com/singleconnect-2-16/upda… | |
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0092 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kron Tech | Single Connect |
Affected:
2.16
|
Date Public
2023-02-17 07:00
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CVE-2023-0694 (GCVE-0-2023-0694)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-09 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via mf shortcode
Summary
The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the 'mf' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about any standard form field of any form submission.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-20 23:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| roxnor | MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-0693 (GCVE-0-2023-0693)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-09 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via 'mf_transaction_id' shortcode
Summary
The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the 'mf_transaction_id' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about the transaction ids of arbitrary form submissions that included payment.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-05 18:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| roxnor | MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor |
Affected:
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.