Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2022-4686 (GCVE-0-2022-4686)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-23 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-09 20:33
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in usememos/memos
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository usememos/memos prior to 0.9.0.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 18:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntrdev CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
usememos usememos/memos Affected: unspecified , < 0.9.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-4505 (GCVE-0-2022-4505)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-15 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-14 18:01
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in openemr/openemr
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository openemr/openemr prior to 7.0.0.2.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-14 15:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntrdev CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openemr openemr/openemr Affected: unspecified , < 7.0.0.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-3995 (GCVE-0-2022-3995)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-29 20:43 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:31
VLAI
Title
TeraWallet – For WooCommerce <= 1.4.3 - Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The TeraWallet plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 1.4.3. This is due to insufficient validation of the user-controlled key on the lock_unlock_terawallet AJAX action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to lock/unlock other users wallets.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-23 20:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2445 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
subratamal Wallet for WooCommerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.4.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Marco Wotschka
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-3805 (GCVE-0-2022-3805)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-22 20:26 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:21
VLAI
Title
Jeg Elementor Kit <= 2.5.6 - Unauthenticated Authorization Bypass
Summary
The Jeg Elementor Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in various functions used to update the plugin settings in versions up to, and including, 2.5.6. Unauthenticated users can use an easily available nonce, obtained from pages edited by the plugin, to update the MailChimp API key, global styles, 404 page settings, and enabled elements.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-23 20:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2445 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ramuel Gall
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-3794 (GCVE-0-2022-3794)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-22 20:27 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:04
VLAI
Title
Jeg Elementor Kit <= 2.5.6 - Authorization Bypass
Summary
The Jeg Elementor Kit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in various AJAX actions in versions up to, and including, 2.5.6. Authenticated users can use an easily available nonce value to create header templates and make additional changes to the site, as the plugin does not use capability checks for this purpose.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-15 15:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2445 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ramuel Gall
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-3589 (GCVE-0-2022-3589)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-21 09:56 – Updated: 2025-04-25 19:29
VLAI
Title
Miele: Vulnerability in cloud service used by appWash
Summary
An API Endpoint used by Miele's "AppWash" MobileApp in all versions was vulnerable to an authorization bypass. A low privileged, remote attacker would have been able to gain read and partial write access to other users data by modifying a small part of a HTTP request sent to the API. Reading or changing the password of another user was not possible, thus no impact to Availability.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 19:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
CERTVDE CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 150 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Miele appWash Affected: all (until October 5th 2022)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2022-11-21 09:00
Credits
Miele would like to thank Bishoy Roufael for responsibly disclousing this vulnerability.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-3459 (GCVE-0-2022-3459)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-14 02:04 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:24
VLAI
Title
WooCommerce Multiple Free Gift <= 1.2.3 - Insufficient Server-Side Validation to Arbitrary Gift Adding
Summary
The WooCommerce Multiple Free Gift plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to gift manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.3. This is due to plugin not enforcing server-side checks on the products that can be added as a gift. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to add non-gift items to their cart as a gift.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-16 18:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2445 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ankitpokhrel WooCommerce Multiple Free Gift Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
lilmonkee woocommerce_multiple_free_gift Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.3 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:lilmonkee:woocommerce_multiple_free_gift:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Danielius Vargonas
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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}

CVE-2022-3282 (GCVE-0-2022-3282)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-17 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-13 15:47
VLAI
Title
Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload < 1.3.6.5 - File Upload Size Limit Bypass
Summary
The Drag and Drop Multiple File Upload WordPress plugin before 1.3.6.5 does not properly check for the upload size limit set in forms, taking the value from user input sent when submitting the form. As a result, attackers could control the file length limit and bypass the limit set by admins in the contact form.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-13 15:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Sanjay Das
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2913 (GCVE-0-2022-2913)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-16 08:40 – Updated: 2025-06-03 17:48
VLAI
Title
Login No Captcha reCAPTCHA < 1.7 - IP Check Bypass
Summary
The Login No Captcha reCAPTCHA WordPress plugin before 1.7 doesn't check the proper IP address allowing attackers to spoof IP addresses on the allow list and bypass the need for captcha on the login screen.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-03 17:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown Login No Captcha reCAPTCHA Affected: 1.7 , < 1.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Daniel Ruf
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2877 (GCVE-0-2022-2877)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-16 08:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:52
VLAI
Title
Titan Anti-spam & Security < 7.3.1 - Protection Bypass due to IP Spoofing
Summary
The Titan Anti-spam & Security WordPress plugin before 7.3.1 does not properly checks HTTP headers in order to validate the origin IP address, allowing threat actors to bypass it's block feature by spoofing the headers.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown Titan Anti-spam & Security Affected: 7.3.1 , < 7.3.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Daniel Ruf
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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