Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2022-2824 (GCVE-0-2022-2824)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-15 15:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:52
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in openemr/openemr
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository openemr/openemr prior to 7.0.0.1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntrdev CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openemr openemr/openemr Affected: unspecified , < 7.0.0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2808 (GCVE-0-2022-2808)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-12 01:49 – Updated: 2026-05-20 06:52
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Prens Student Information System
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Algan Software Prens Student Information System allows Object Relational Mapping Injection. This issue affects Prens Student Information System: before 2.1.11.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-12-01 21:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2730 (GCVE-0-2022-2730)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-09 11:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:46
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in openemr/openemr
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository openemr/openemr prior to 7.0.0.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntrdev CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openemr openemr/openemr Affected: unspecified , < 7.0.0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2535 (GCVE-0-2022-2535)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-15 08:38 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:39
VLAI
Title
SearchWP Live Ajax Search < 1.6.2 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Post Title Disclosure
Summary
The SearchWP Live Ajax Search WordPress plugin before 1.6.2 does not ensure that users making a live search are limited to published posts only, allowing unauthenticated users to make a crafted query disclosing private/draft/pending post titles along with their permalink
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown SearchWP Live Ajax Search Affected: 1.6.2 , < 1.6.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Angelo Delicato
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2367 (GCVE-0-2022-2367)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-08 13:47 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:32
VLAI
Title
WSM Downloader <= 1.4.0 - Domain Name Restriction Bypass
Summary
The WSM Downloader WordPress plugin through 1.4.0 allows only specific popular websites to download images/files from, this can be bypassed due to the lack of good "link" parameter validation
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown WSM Downloader Affected: 1.4.0 , ≤ 1.4.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Raad Haddad
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2312 (GCVE-0-2022-2312)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-22 15:01 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:32
VLAI
Title
Student Result or Employee Database < 1.7.5 - Stored Cross Site Scripting via CSRF
Summary
The Student Result or Employee Database WordPress plugin before 1.7.5 does not have CSRF in its AJAX actions, allowing attackers to make logged in user with a role as low as contributor to add/edit and delete students via CSRF attacks. Furthermore, due to the lack of sanitisation and escaping, it could also lead to Stored Cross-Site scripting
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown Student Result or Employee Database Affected: 1.7.5 , < 1.7.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Vinay Varma Mudunuri Krishna Harsha Kondaveeti
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2198 (GCVE-0-2022-2198)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-22 15:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:32
VLAI
Title
WPQA < 5.7 - Subscriber+ Private Message Disclosure via IDOR
Summary
The WPQA Builder WordPress plugin before 5.7 which is a companion plugin to the Hilmer and Discy , does not check authorization before displaying private messages, allowing any logged in user to read other users private message using the message id, which can easily be brute forced.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Unknown WPQA Builder Affected: 5.7 , < 5.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bikram kharal
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2080 (GCVE-0-2022-2080)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-29 14:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:24
VLAI
Title
Sensei LMS < 4.5.2 - Arbitrary Private Message Sending via IDOR
Summary
The Sensei LMS WordPress plugin before 4.5.2 does not ensure that the sender of a private message is either the teacher or the original sender, allowing any authenticated user to send messages to arbitrary private conversation via a IDOR attack. Note: Attackers are not able to see responses/messages between the teacher and student
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
WPScan CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 44/100 over 2115 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Veshraj Ghimire
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-1996 (GCVE-0-2022-1996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-06 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:24
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in emicklei/go-restful
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository emicklei/go-restful prior to v3.8.0.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntrdev CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
emicklei emicklei/go-restful Affected: unspecified , < v3.8.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-1810 (GCVE-0-2022-1810)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-23 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 00:16
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in publify/publify
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitHub repository publify/publify prior to 9.2.9.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
@huntrdev CNA
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
publify publify/publify Affected: unspecified , < 9.2.9 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      "title": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in publify/publify"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
    "assignerShortName": "@huntrdev",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-1810",
    "datePublished": "2022-05-23T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2022-05-22T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T00:16:59.904Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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