Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5739 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-0691 (GCVE-0-2023-0691)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-09 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via mf_last_name shortcode
Summary
The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the 'mf_last_name' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about arbitrary form submissions, specifically the submitter's last name.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-20 23:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| roxnor | MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-0689 (GCVE-0-2023-0689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-31 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via 'mf_first_name' shortcode
Summary
The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the 'mf_first_name' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about arbitrary form submissions, including the submitter's first name.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-27 13:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| roxnor | MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-0688 (GCVE-0-2023-0688)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-09 05:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder <= 3.3.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Information Disclosure via mf_thankyou shortcode
Summary
The Metform Elementor Contact Form Builder for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Disclosure via the 'mf_thankyou' shortcode in versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This allows authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level capabilities or above to obtain sensitive information about form submissions, including payment status, and transaction ID.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-20 23:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| roxnor | MetForm – Contact Form, Survey, Quiz, & Custom Form Builder for Elementor |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-0558 (GCVE-0-2023-0558)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-27 21:09 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ContentStudio <= 1.2.5 - Authorization Bypass
Summary
The ContentStudio plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to an unsecure token check that is susceptible to type juggling in versions up to, and including, 1.2.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute functions intended for use by users with proper API keys.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| contentstudio | ContentStudio |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.5
(semver)
|
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}
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CVE-2023-0550 (GCVE-0-2023-0550)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-27 20:17 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quick Restaurant Menu <= 2.0.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The Quick Restaurant Menu plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 2.0.2. This is due to the fact that during menu item deletion/modification, the plugin does not verify that the post ID provided to the AJAX action is indeed a menu item. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access or higher, to modify or delete arbitrary posts.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-13 16:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| alejandropascual | Quick Restaurant Menu |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2022-46179 (GCVE-0-2022-46179)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-28 07:00 – Updated: 2025-04-14 16:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LiuOS vulnerable to Authorization Bypass through User-Controlled Key
Summary
LiuOS is a small Python project meant to imitate the functions of a regular operating system. Version 0.1.0 and prior of LiuOS allow an attacker to set the GITHUB_ACTIONS environment variable to anything other than null or true and skip authentication checks. This issue is patched in the latest commit (c658b4f3e57258acf5f6207a90c2f2169698ae22) by requiring the var to be set to true, causing a test script to run instead of being able to login. A potential workaround is to check for the GITHUB_ACTIONS environment variable and set it to "" (no quotes) to null the variable and force credential checks.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-14 16:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LiuWoodsCode/LiuOS/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/LiuWoodsCode/LiuOS/commit/c658… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LiuWoodsCode | LiuOS |
Affected:
<= 0.1.0
|
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CVE-2022-43450 (GCVE-0-2022-43450)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-19 21:24 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Stream Plugin <= 3.9.2 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in XWP Stream.This issue affects Stream: from n/a through 3.9.2.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/str… | vdb-entry |
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CVE-2022-39018 (GCVE-0-2022-39018)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-31 20:09 – Updated: 2025-05-02 17:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Broken access controls on PDFtron data in M-Files Hubshare
Summary
Broken access controls on PDFtron data in M-Files Hubshare before 3.3.11.3 allows unauthenticated attackers to access restricted PDF files via a known URL.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-02 17:46 UTC
CWE
References
1 reference
Date Public
2022-10-28 13:00
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CVE-2022-34150 (GCVE-0-2022-34150)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-20 15:24 – Updated: 2025-04-16 16:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ICSA-22-200-01 MiCODUS MV720 GPS tracker Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
The main MiCODUS MV720 GPS tracker web server has an authenticated insecure direct object reference vulnerability on endpoint and parameter device IDs, which accept arbitrary device IDs without further verification.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 15:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
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CVE-2022-33944 (GCVE-0-2022-33944)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-20 15:24 – Updated: 2025-04-16 16:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ICSA-22-200-01 MiCODUS MV720 GPS tracker Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
The main MiCODUS MV720 GPS tracker web server has an authenticated insecure direct object references vulnerability on endpoint and POST parameter “Device ID,” which accepts arbitrary device IDs.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 15:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.