Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5741 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-25160 (GCVE-0-2023-25160)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-13 20:19 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:12
VLAI
Title
IDOR Vulnerability in Nextcloud Mail
Summary
Nextcloud Mail is an email app for the Nextcloud home server platform. Prior to versions 2.2.1, 1.14.5, 1.12.9, and 1.11.8, an attacker can access the mail box by ID getting the subjects and the first characters of the emails. Users should upgrade to Mail 2.2.1 for Nextcloud 25, Mail 1.14.5 for Nextcloud 22-24, Mail 1.12.9 for Nextcloud 21, or Mail 1.11.8 for Nextcloud 20 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
4.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-10 20:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: < 1.11.8
Affected: >= 1.12.0, < 1.12.9
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.14.5
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-24842 (GCVE-0-2023-24842)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-19 15:54
VLAI
Title
HGiga MailSherlock - Broken Access Control
Summary
HGiga MailSherlock has vulnerability of insufficient access control. An unauthenticated remote user can exploit this vulnerability to access partial content of another user’s mail by changing user ID and mail ID within URL.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-19 15:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
twcert CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 96 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HGiga MailSherlock Affected: iSherlock-user-4.5 , ≤ iSherlock-user-4.5-161 (custom)
Affected: iSherlock-antispam-4.5 , ≤ iSherlock-antispam-4.5-167 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-02-24 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-24834 (GCVE-0-2023-24834)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-02-19 16:28
VLAI
Title
WisdomGarden Tronclass ilearn - Broken Access Control
Summary
WisdomGarden Tronclass has improper access control when uploading file. An authenticated remote attacker with general user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to access files belonging to other users by modifying the file ID within URL.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-19 16:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
twcert CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 96 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-02-24 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-23679 (GCVE-0-2023-23679)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-23 14:21 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress JS Help Desk – Best Help Desk & Support Plugin Plugin <= 2.7.7 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in JS Help Desk js-support-ticket allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects JS Help Desk: from n/a through 2.7.7.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-18 13:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
JS Help Desk JS Help Desk Affected: n/a , ≤ 2.7.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Fariq Fadillah Gusti Insani (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-22471 (GCVE-0-2023-22471)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-14 00:34 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:23
VLAI
Title
Nextcloud Deck vulnerable to authorization bypass
Summary
Deck is a kanban style organization tool aimed at personal planning and project organization for teams integrated with Nextcloud. Broken access control allows a user to delete attachments of other users. There are currently no known workarounds. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Deck app is upgraded to 1.6.5 or 1.7.3 or 1.8.2.
Severity
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-10 20:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: >= 1.60, < 1.6.5
Affected: >= 1.7.0, < 1.7.3
Affected: >= 1.8.0, < 1.8.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-7286 (GCVE-0-2023-7286)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 06:43 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:54
VLAI
Title
ACF Quick Edit Fields <= 3.2.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The plugin ACF Quick Edit Fields for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 3.2.2. This makes it possible for attackers without the edit_users capability to access metadata of other users, this includes contributor-level users and above.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-16 15:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
podpirate ACF Quick Edit Fields Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.2.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Chris Grello
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-7049 (GCVE-0-2023-7049)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-16 01:59 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:10
VLAI
Title
Custom Field For WP Job Manager <= 1.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Sensitive Information Exposure via Shortcode
Summary
The Custom Field For WP Job Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.2 via the the 'cm_fieldshow' shortcode due to missing validation on the 'job_id' user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to expose potentially sensitive post metadata.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-16 16:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6983 (GCVE-0-2023-6983)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-05 21:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:34
VLAI
Title
Display custom fields in the frontend – Post and User Profile Fields <= 1.2.1 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Contributor+) Post Meta Disclosure
Summary
The Display custom fields in the frontend – Post and User Profile Fields plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.1 via the vg_display_data shortcode due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to retrieve potentially sensitive post meta.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-02-06 15:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6969 (GCVE-0-2023-6969)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-13 15:26 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:01
VLAI
Title
User Shortcodes Plus <= 2.0.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Contributor+) Sensitive Information Disclosure via user_meta Shortcode
Summary
The User Shortcodes Plus plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.2 via the user_meta shortcode due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to retrieve potentially sensitive user meta.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-28 16:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kbjohnson90 User Shortcodes Plus Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
kylebjohnson user_shortcodes_plus Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kylebjohnson:user_shortcodes_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6929 (GCVE-0-2023-6929)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-19 23:02 – Updated: 2025-05-06 18:49
VLAI
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in EuroTel ETL3100
Summary
EuroTel ETL3100 versions v01c01 and v01x37 are vulnerable to insecure direct object references that occur when the application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. As a result of this vulnerability, attackers can bypass authorization, access the hidden resources on the system, and execute privileged functionalities.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-06 18:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
EuroTel ETL3100 Affected: v01c01
Affected: v01x37
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Gjoko Krstic
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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