Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5741 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-32669 (GCVE-0-2023-32669)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-03 12:23 – Updated: 2024-09-06 14:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass on BuddyBoss
Summary
Authorization bypass vulnerability in BuddyBoss 2.2.9 version, the exploitation of which could allow an authenticated user to access and rename other users' albums. This vulnerability can be exploited by changing the album identification (id).
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-06 14:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Date Public
2023-05-30 10:00
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CVE-2023-32310 (GCVE-0-2023-32310)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-01 15:05 – Updated: 2025-01-08 21:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DataEase API interface has IDOR vulnerability
Summary
DataEase is an open source data visualization and analysis tool. The API interface for DataEase delete dashboard and delete system messages is vulnerable to insecure direct object references (IDOR). This could result in a user deleting another user's dashboard or messages or interfering with the interface for marking messages read. The vulnerability has been fixed in v1.18.7. There are no known workarounds aside from upgrading.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-08 21:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dataease/dataease/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dataease/dataease/pull/5342 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dataease/dataease/commit/72f42… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2023-32078 (GCVE-0-2023-32078)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-24 21:35 – Updated: 2024-10-02 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netmaker IDOR Vulnerability Allows User to Update Other User's Password
Summary
Netmaker makes networks with WireGuard. An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability was found in versions prior to 0.17.1 and 0.18.6 in the user update function. By specifying another user's username, it was possible to update the other user's password. The issue is patched in 0.17.1 and fixed in 0.18.6. If Users are using 0.17.1, they should run `docker pull gravitl/netmaker:v0.17.1` and `docker-compose up -d`. This will switch them to the patched users. If users are using v0.18.0-0.18.5, they should upgrade to v0.18.6 or later. As a workaround, someone using version 0.17.1 can pull the latest docker image of the backend and restart the server.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-02 19:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gravitl/netmaker/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gravitl/netmaker/pull/2158 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gravitl/netmaker/commit/b3be57… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-31182 (GCVE-0-2023-31182)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-08 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-29 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
EasyTor Applications – Authorization Bypass
Summary
EasyTor Applications – Authorization Bypass - EasyTor Applications may allow authorization bypass via unspecified method.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-29 16:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EasyTor Applications | EasyTor Applications |
Affected:
All versions , < Update to latest version of the application.
(custom)
|
Date Public
2023-05-08 11:19
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CVE-2023-30960 (GCVE-0-2023-30960)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-10 21:05 – Updated: 2024-10-23 17:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in Foundry job-tracker
Summary
A security defect was discovered in Foundry job-tracker that enabled users to query metadata related to builds on resources they did not have access to. This defect was resolved with the release of job-tracker 4.645.0. The service was rolled out to all affected Foundry instances. No further intervention is required.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-23 17:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palantir | com.palantir.foundry.jobtracker:job-tracker |
Affected:
* , < 4.645.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-30956 (GCVE-0-2023-30956)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-10 21:07 – Updated: 2024-10-23 17:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Foundry Comments allows retrieval of attachments
Summary
A security defect was identified in Foundry Comments that enabled a user to discover the contents of an attachment submitted to another comment if they knew the internal UUID of the target attachment. This defect was resolved with the release of Foundry Comments 2.267.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-23 17:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palantir | com.palantir.comments:comments |
Affected:
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(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-30550 (GCVE-0-2023-30550)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-04 17:26 – Updated: 2025-01-29 16:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR vulnerability exists in metersphere
Summary
MeterSphere is an open source continuous testing platform, covering functions such as test tracking, interface testing, UI testing, and performance testing. This IDOR vulnerability allows the administrator of a project to modify other projects under the workspace. An attacker can obtain some operating permissions. The issue has been fixed in version 2.9.0.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
4.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-29 16:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/metersphere/metersphere/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/metersphere/metersphere/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| metersphere | metersphere |
Affected:
< 2.9.0
|
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CVE-2023-28656 (GCVE-0-2023-28656)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-03 14:34 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NGINX Management Suite vulnerability
Summary
NGINX Management Suite may allow an authenticated attacker to gain access to configuration objects outside of their assigned environment.
Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-29 20:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000133417 | vendor-advisory |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2023060… |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| F5 | NGINX Instance Manager |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.9.0
(semver)
|
|
| F5 | NGINX API Connectivity Manager |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| F5 | NGINX Security Monitoring |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.3.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2023-05-03 14:00
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CVE-2023-28109 (GCVE-0-2023-28109)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-16 16:49 – Updated: 2025-02-25 14:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Play With Docker vulnerable to Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
Play With Docker is a browser-based Docker playground. Versions 0.0.2 and prior are vulnerable to domain hijacking.
Because CORS configuration was not correct, an attacker could use `play-with-docker.com` as an example and set the origin header in an http request as `evil-play-with-docker.com`. The domain would echo in response header, which successfully bypassed the CORS policy and retrieved basic user information. This issue has been fixed in commit ed82247c9ab7990ad76ec2bf1498c2b2830b6f1a. There are no known workarounds.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-25 14:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/play-with-docker/play-with-doc… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/play-with-docker/play-with-doc… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| play-with-docker | play-with-docker |
Affected:
<= 0.0.2
|
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CVE-2023-26428 (GCVE-0-2023-26428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-20 07:51 – Updated: 2024-08-02 11:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Attackers can successfully request arbitrary snippet IDs, including E-Mail signatures of other users within the same context. Signatures of other users could be read even though they are not explicitly shared. We improved permission handling when requesting snippets that are not explicitly shared with other users. No publicly available exploits are known.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
4 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OX Software GmbH | OX App Suite |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.10.6-rev39
(semver)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.9 (semver) |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.