Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5741 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-37871 (GCVE-0-2023-37871)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-20 13:57 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce GoCardless Gateway Plugin <= 2.5.6 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in WooCommerce GoCardless.This issue affects GoCardless: from n/a through 2.5.6.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WooCommerce GoCardless Affected: n/a , ≤ 2.5.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-37242 (GCVE-0-2023-37242)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 12:31 – Updated: 2024-11-19 17:01
VLAI
Summary
Vulnerability of commands from the modem being intercepted in the atcmdserver module. Attackers may exploit this vulnerability to rewrite the non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM), or facilitate the exploitation of other vulnerabilities.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-19 17:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
huawei CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 57/100 over 77 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Huawei HarmonyOS Affected: 3.0.0
Affected: 2.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Huawei EMUI Affected: 13.0.0
Affected: 12.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-36520 (GCVE-0-2023-36520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-20 14:18 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress Editorial Calendar Plugin <= 3.7.12 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in MarketingFire Editorial Calendar.This issue affects Editorial Calendar: from n/a through 3.7.12.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MarketingFire Editorial Calendar Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.7.12 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Elliot (Patchstack Alliance)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-36483 (GCVE-0-2023-36483)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-16 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-28 16:23
VLAI
Title
MAS (a Carrier brand) MASmobile Classic Authorization Bypass
Summary
Authorization bypass can be achieved by session ID prediction in MASmobile Classic Android  version 1.16.18 and earlier and MASmobile Classic iOS version 1.7.24 and earlier which allows remote attackers to retrieve sensitive data  including customer data, security system status, and event history.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-18 15:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Carrier CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 0 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MAS (a Carrier brand) MASmobile Classic Affected: 1 , ≤ 1.16.18 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
MAS (a Carrier brand) MASmobile Classic Affected: 1 , ≤ 1.7.24 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
MAS (a Carrier brand) MAS ASP.Net Services Affected: 1 , ≤ 1.9 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
carrier masmobile_classic Affected: 1 , ≤ 1.16.18 (custom)
Affected: 1 , ≤ 1.7.24 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:carrier:masmobile_classic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
carrier mas_asp.net_services Affected: 1 , ≤ 1.9 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:carrier:mas_asp.net_services:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Joris Talma, independent .NET developer from The Netherlands, reported this vulnerability to Carrier.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-35916 (GCVE-0-2023-35916)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-20 15:12 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce Payments Plugin <= 5.9.0 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Automattic WooPayments – Fully Integrated Solution Built and Supported by Woo.This issue affects WooPayments – Fully Integrated Solution Built and Supported by Woo: from n/a through 5.9.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-35914 (GCVE-0-2023-35914)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-20 15:18 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce Subscriptions Plugin <= 5.1.2 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in WooCommerce Woo Subscriptions.This issue affects Woo Subscriptions: from n/a through 5.1.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WooCommerce Woo Subscriptions Affected: n/a , ≤ 5.1.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-35876 (GCVE-0-2023-35876)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-20 14:42 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce Square Plugin <= 3.8.1 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in WooCommerce WooCommerce Square.This issue affects WooCommerce Square: from n/a through 3.8.1.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WooCommerce WooCommerce Square Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.8.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-34000 (GCVE-0-2023-34000)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-14 07:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway Plugin <= 7.4.0 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Unauth. IDOR vulnerability leading to PII Disclosure in WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway plugin <= 7.4.0 versions.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-02 20:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WooCommerce WooCommerce Stripe Payment Gateway Affected: n/a , ≤ 7.4.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-06-13 07:28
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-32799 (GCVE-0-2023-32799)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-21 18:22 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce Ship to Multiple Addresses Plugin <= 3.8.3 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in WooCommerce Shipping Multiple Addresses.This issue affects Shipping Multiple Addresses: from n/a through 3.8.3.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WooCommerce Shipping Multiple Addresses Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.8.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-32747 (GCVE-0-2023-32747)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-21 18:18 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:08
VLAI
Title
WordPress WooCommerce Bookings Plugin <= 1.15.78 is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in WooCommerce WooCommerce Bookings.This issue affects WooCommerce Bookings: from n/a through 1.15.78.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2023-12-21 20:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3451 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WooCommerce WooCommerce Bookings Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.15.78 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Rafie Muhammad (Patchstack)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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