Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5741 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-6897 (GCVE-0-2023-6897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-18 11:05 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:37
VLAI
Title
EAN for WooCommerce <= 4.9.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Sensitve Information Exposure via Shortcode
Summary
The EAN for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 4.9.2 via the the 'alg_wc_ean_product_meta' shortcode due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to expose potentially sensitive post metadata.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-23 14:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wpcodefactory EAN Barcode Generator for WooCommerce: UPC, ISBN & GTIN Inventory Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.9.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
wpfactory ean_for_woocommerce Affected: *
    cpe:2.3:a:wpfactory:ean_for_woocommerce:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6875 (GCVE-0-2023-6875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-11 08:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:30
VLAI
Title
POST SMTP Mailer – Email log, Delivery Failure Notifications and Best Mail SMTP for WordPress <= 2.8.7 - Authorization Bypass via type connect-app API
Summary
The POST SMTP Mailer – Email log, Delivery Failure Notifications and Best Mail SMTP for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data and modification of data due to a type juggling issue on the connect-app REST endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 2.8.7. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to reset the API key used to authenticate to the mailer and view logs, including password reset emails, allowing site takeover. CVE-2023-52233 appears to be a duplicate of this issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ulyses Saicha
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6724 (GCVE-0-2023-6724)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-09 12:27 – Updated: 2026-05-20 08:08
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Simgesel Software's Hearing Tracking System (Barosel)
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Software Engineering Consultancy Machine Equipment Limited Company Hearing Tracking System allows Authentication Abuse. This issue affects Hearing Tracking System: before for IOS 7.0, for Android Latest release 1.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 274 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Software Engineering Consultancy Machine Equipment Limited Company Hearing Tracking System Affected: 0 , < for IOS 7.0, for Android Latest release 1.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-02-09 12:30
Credits
Resul Melih MACİT
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6523 (GCVE-0-2023-6523)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-05 11:37 – Updated: 2026-05-20 10:50
VLAI
Title
IDOR in ExtremePacs's Extreme XDS
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in ExtremePacs Extreme XDS allows Authentication Abuse. This issue affects Extreme XDS: before 3914.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-05 19:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 274 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ExtremePacs Extreme XDS Affected: 0 , < 3914 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
extremepacs extreme_xds Affected: 0 , < 3914 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:extremepacs:extreme_xds:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-04-05 11:37
Credits
Mustafa Anıl YILDIRIM
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6515 (GCVE-0-2023-6515)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-08 09:43 – Updated: 2026-05-20 10:58
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Mia Technology's Mia-Med
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Mia Technology Inc. MİA-MED allows Authentication Abuse. This issue affects MİA-MED: before 1.0.7.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-02-08 17:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 274 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Mia Technology Inc. MİA-MED Affected: 0 , < 1.0.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-02-08 09:45
Credits
Mustafa Anıl YILDIRIM
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6506 (GCVE-0-2023-6506)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-11 06:49 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:23
VLAI
Title
WP 2FA <= 2.5.0 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Email Sending
Summary
The WP 2FA – Two-factor authentication for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.0 via the send_backup_codes_email due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for subscriber-level attackers to email arbitrary users on the site.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Ulyses Saicha
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6504 (GCVE-0-2023-6504)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-11 08:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:33
VLAI
Title
Profile Builder <= 3.10.7 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Sensitive Information Exposure via user_meta Shortcode
Summary
The User Profile Builder – Beautiful User Registration Forms, User Profiles & User Role Editor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the wppb_toolbox_usermeta_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 3.10.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to expose sensitive information within user metadata.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6341 (GCVE-0-2023-6341)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-30 17:41 – Updated: 2024-08-02 08:28
VLAI
Title
Catalis CM360 allows authentication bypass
Summary
Catalis (previously Icon Software) CMS360 allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to view sensitive court documents by modifying document and other identifiers in URLs. The impact varies based on the intention and configuration of a specific CMS360 installation.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
cisa-cg CNA under the CISA root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 130 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Catalis CMS360 Affected: 0 , < ~2023-11-03 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-11-30 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6317 (GCVE-0-2023-6317)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 13:41 – Updated: 2024-08-02 08:28
VLAI
Title
PIN/prompt bypass on the secondscreen.gateway service allows access to the SSAP API without user interaction
Summary
A prompt bypass exists in the secondscreen.gateway service running on webOS version 4 through 7. An attacker can create a privileged account without asking the user for the security PIN.  Full versions and TV models affected: webOS 4.9.7 - 5.30.40 running on LG43UM7000PLA webOS 5.5.0 - 04.50.51 running on OLED55CXPUA webOS 6.3.3-442 (kisscurl-kinglake) - 03.36.50 running on OLED48C1PUB   webOS 7.3.1-43 (mullet-mebin) - 03.33.85 running on OLED55A23LA
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-09 15:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Bitdefender CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 8 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LG WebOS Affected: 4.9.7
Affected: 5.5.0
Affected: 6.3.3-442
Affected: 7.3.1-43
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-04-09 13:00
Credits
Alexandru Lazăr of Bitdefender Labs
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6226 (GCVE-0-2023-6226)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-28 04:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:51
VLAI
Title
WP Shortcodes Plugin — Shortcodes Ultimate <= 5.13.3 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Information Disclosure
Summary
The WP Shortcodes Plugin — Shortcodes Ultimate plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.13.3 via the su_meta shortcode due to missing validation on the user controlled keys 'key' and 'post_id'. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to retrieve arbitrary post meta values which may contain sensitive information when combined with another plugin.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2432 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Francesco Carlucci
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        }
      ],
      "title": "WP Shortcodes Plugin \u2014 Shortcodes Ultimate \u003c= 5.13.3 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Information Disclosure"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-6226",
    "datePublished": "2023-11-28T04:31:51.116Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-11-20T22:00:59.798Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:51:31.785Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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