Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5718 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-0642 (GCVE-0-2025-0642)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-02 12:37 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hard-coded Credentials in PosCube's Assist
Summary
Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in PosCube Hardware Software and Consulting Ltd. Co. Assist allows Excavation, Authentication Bypass.
This issue affects Assist: through 10.02.2025.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-02 13:33 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0309 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PosCube Hardware Software and Consulting Ltd. Co. | Assist |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 10.02.2025
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-10-02 12:32
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CVE-2025-0640 (GCVE-0-2025-0640)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-02 11:48 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Akinsoft's OctoCloud
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Akinsoft OctoCloud allows Resource Leak Exposure.
This issue affects OctoCloud: from s1.09.02 before v1.11.01.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-02 13:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0203 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-0606 (GCVE-0-2025-0606)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-06 09:10 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in Logo Software's Logo Cloud
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Logo Software Inc. Logo Cloud allows Forceful Browsing, Resource Leak Exposure.
This issue affects Logo Cloud: before 0.67.
Severity
6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-06 13:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0318 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logo Software Inc. | Logo Cloud |
Affected:
0 , < 0.67
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-10-06 08:58
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CVE-2025-0352 (GCVE-0-2025-0352)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-20 19:15 – Updated: 2025-02-20 20:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rapid Response Monitoring My Security Account App Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
Rapid Response Monitoring My Security Account App utilizes an API that could be exploited by an attacker to modify request data, potentially causing the API to return information about other users.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-20 20:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid Response Monitoring | My Security Account App API |
Affected:
0 , < 7/29/24
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-0337 (GCVE-0-2025-0337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-06 16:29 – Updated: 2025-03-06 16:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization bypass in Now Platform
Summary
ServiceNow has addressed an authorization bypass vulnerability that was identified in the Washington release of the Now Platform. This vulnerability, if exploited, potentially could enable an authenticated user to access unauthorized data stored within the Now Platform that the user otherwise would not be entitled to access.
This issue is addressed in the listed patches and family release, which have been made available to hosted and self-hosted customers, as well as partners.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-06 16:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ServiceNow | Now Platform |
Affected:
0 , < Washington DC Patch 9
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < Xanadu Patch 4 (custom) Affected: 0 , < Yokohama (custom) |
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CVE-2025-0058 (GCVE-0-2025-0058)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 00:08 – Updated: 2025-01-14 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Information Disclosure vulnerability in SAP Business Workflow and SAP Flexible Workflow
Summary
In SAP Business Workflow and SAP Flexible Workflow, an authenticated attacker can manipulate a parameter in an otherwise legitimate resource request to view sensitive information that should otherwise be restricted. The attacker does not have the ability to modify the information or to make the information unavailable.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-14 15:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP Business Workflow and SAP Flexible Workflow |
Affected:
SAP_BASIS 753
Affected: SAP_BASIS 754 Affected: SAP_BASIS 755 Affected: SAP_BASIS 756 Affected: SAP_BASIS 757 Affected: SAP_BASIS 758 Affected: SAP_BASIS 912 Affected: SAP_BASIS 913 Affected: SAP_BASIS 914 |
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GCVE-1-2025-0008
Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2025-10-13 09:10 – Updated: 2025-10-13 09:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Logged users can view vulnerability disclosure comments if they know the ID
Summary
Logged users can view vulnerability disclosure comments if they know the ID instead of the limited view (date of disclosure).
Severity
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIRCL | vulnerability-lookup |
Affected:
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CVE-2024-56143 (GCVE-0-2024-56143)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 16:07 – Updated: 2025-10-16 17:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Strapi Allows Unauthorized Access to Private Fields via parms.lookup
Summary
Strapi is an open-source headless content management system. In versions from 5.0.0 to before 5.5.2, the lookup operator provided by the document service does not properly sanitize query parameters for private fields. An attacker can access private fields, including admin passwords and reset tokens, by crafting queries with the lookup parameter. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.5.2.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-16 16:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/0c6e0953a… | x_refsource_MISC |
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"value": "Strapi is an open-source headless content management system. In versions from 5.0.0 to before 5.5.2, the lookup operator provided by the document service does not properly sanitize query parameters for private fields. An attacker can access private fields, including admin passwords and reset tokens, by crafting queries with the lookup parameter. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.5.2."
}
],
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CVE-2024-52601 (GCVE-0-2024-52601)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-14 14:39 – Updated: 2025-05-14 14:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
iTop portal Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability
Summary
iTop is an web based IT Service Management tool. Prior to versions 2.7.12, 3.1.3, and 3.2.1, anyone with an account having portal access can have read access to objects they're not allowed to see by querying an unprotected route. Versions 2.7.12, 3.1.3, and 3.2.1 contain a fix for the issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-14 14:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Combodo/iTop/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-52511 (GCVE-0-2024-52511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-15 17:22 – Updated: 2024-11-15 18:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nextcloud Tables has an Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in Tables
Summary
Nextcloud Tables allows users to to create tables with individual columns. By directly specifying the ID of a table or view, a malicious user could blindly insert new rows into tables they have no access to. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Tables is upgraded to 0.8.0.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-15 18:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/tables/pull/1351 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/tables/commit/52846a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/2671404 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
>= 0.6.0, < 0.8.0
|
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"tags": [
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.