Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5715 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-1607 (GCVE-0-2025-1607)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-24 00:31 – Updated: 2025-02-24 12:57
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Best Employee Management System salary_slip.php authorization
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in SourceCodester Best Employee Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/salary_slip.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to authorization bypass. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-24 12:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3844 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
webray.com.cn (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-1469 (GCVE-0-2025-1469)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-21 08:35 – Updated: 2026-06-06 06:52
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Turtek Software's Eyotek
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Turtek Software Eyotek allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects Eyotek: before 11.03.2025.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-21 17:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Turtek Software Eyotek Affected: 0 , < 11.03.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Sahnur Eren ALOGLU
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-1327 (GCVE-0-2025-1327)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-02 03:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:46
VLAI
Title
Homey - Booking and Rentals WordPress Theme <= 2.4.4 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary User Deletion
Summary
The Homey theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.4 via the 'homey_delete_user_account' action due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete other user's accounts.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-02 14:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fave Themes Homey Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.4.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ayoub Nouri
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-1284 (GCVE-0-2025-1284)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-24 08:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:59
VLAI
Title
Woocommerce Automatic Order Printing | ( Formerly WooCommerce Google Cloud Print) <= 4.1 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Order Information Disclosure
Summary
The Woocommerce Automatic Order Printing | ( Formerly WooCommerce Google Cloud Print) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 4.1 via the xc_woo_printer_preview AJAX action due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view other user's invoices and orders which can contain sensitive information.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-24 13:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Lucio Sá
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-1270 (GCVE-0-2025-1270)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-13 12:48 – Updated: 2025-02-13 14:22
VLAI
Title
Insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability in H6Web
Summary
Insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Anapi Group's h6web, allows an authenticated attacker to access other users' information by making a POST request and modifying the “pkrelated” parameter in the “/h6web/ha_datos_hermano.php” endpoint to refer to another user. In addition, the first request could also allow the attacker to impersonate other users. As a result, all requests made after exploitation of the IDOR vulnerability will be executed with the privileges of the impersonated user.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-13 14:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Anapi Group H6Web Affected: all versions (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-02-13 11:00
Credits
Bertrand Lorente Yáñez
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-1031 (GCVE-0-2025-1031)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-18 14:27 – Updated: 2026-06-06 06:59
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Utarit Informatics' SoliClub
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Utarit Informatics Services Inc. SoliClub allows Functionality Misuse. This issue affects SoliClub: from 5.2.4 before 5.3.7.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-18 15:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Utarit Informatics Services Inc. SoliClub Affected: 5.2.4 , < 5.3.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-18 14:24
Credits
Mustafa Anıl YILDIRIM
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-0987 (GCVE-0-2025-0987)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-03 11:51 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:03 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
IDOR in CB Project's CVLand
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in CB Project Ltd. Co. CVLand allows Parameter Injection. This issue affects CVLand: from 2.1.0 through 20251103. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-03 13:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CB Project Ltd. Co. CVLand Affected: 2.1.0 , ≤ 20251103 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-11-03 09:02
Credits
Ulaş GÜMÜŞTAŞ
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-0875 (GCVE-0-2025-0875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-22 08:02 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:14
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Proliz Software's OBS
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in PROLIZ Computer Software Hardware Service Trade Ltd. Co. OBS (Student Affairs Information System) allows Parameter Injection. This issue affects OBS (Student Affairs Information System): before v26.0328.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-22 15:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-09-22 07:56
Credits
Mustafa Anıl YILDIRIM
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-0670 (GCVE-0-2025-0670)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-02 13:24 – Updated: 2026-06-06 07:15
VLAI
Title
IDOR in Akinsoft's ProKuafor
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Akinsoft ProKuafor allows Resource Leak Exposure. This issue affects ProKuafor: from s1.02.07 before v1.02.08.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-02 19:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Akinsoft ProKuafor Affected: s1.02.07 , < v1.02.08 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-09-02 13:21
Credits
Berat ARSLAN
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-0661 (GCVE-0-2025-0661)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-13 06:58 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:40
VLAI
Title
DethemeKit For Elementor <= 2.1.8 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Protected Post Disclosure
Summary
The DethemeKit For Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.36 via the duplicate_post() function due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be duplicated. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract data from password protected, private, draft, or scheduled posts that they should not have access to by duplicating the post.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-13 14:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
detheme DethemeKit for Elementor Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.1.8 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Craig Smith
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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