Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5715 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-3811 (GCVE-0-2025-3811)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-09 01:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:13
VLAI
Title
WPBookit <= 1.0.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Email Update
Summary
The WPBookit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.2. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like email through the edit_newdata_customer_callback() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user's password and gain access to their account.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-09 03:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
iqonicdesign WPBookit Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kenneth Dunn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3810 (GCVE-0-2025-3810)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-09 01:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:53
VLAI
Title
WPBookit <= 1.0.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover
Summary
The WPBookit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.2. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like password and email through the edit_profile_data() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's email addresses and passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-09 03:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
iqonicdesign WPBookit Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kenneth Dunn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3769 (GCVE-0-2025-3769)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-14 11:12 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:03
VLAI
Title
Latepoint <= 5.1.92 - Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
The LatePoint – Calendar Booking Plugin for Appointments and Events plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.92 via the 'view_booking_summary_in_lightbox' due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve appointment details such as customer names and email addresses.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-14 13:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Martin Martin
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3640 (GCVE-0-2025-3640)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-25 14:43 – Updated: 2025-04-28 16:47
VLAI
Title
Moodle: idor in web service allows users enrolled in a course to access some details of other users
Summary
A flaw was found in Moodle. Insufficient capability checks made it possible for a user enrolled in a course to access some details, such as the full name and profile image URL, of other users they did not have permission to access.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 15:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
fedora CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 69/100 over 44 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.4 (semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.8 (semver)
Affected: 4.3.0 , < 4.3.12 (semver)
Affected: 4.1.0 , < 4.1.18 (semver)
Date Public
2025-04-22 12:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Khikhi for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3636 (GCVE-0-2025-3636)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-25 14:42 – Updated: 2025-04-25 15:56
VLAI
Title
Moodle: idor in moodle rss block allows unauthorized access to rss feeds
Summary
A flaw was found in Moodle. This vulnerability allows unauthorized users to access and view RSS feeds due to insufficient capability checks.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 15:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
fedora CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 69/100 over 44 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.4 (semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.8 (semver)
Affected: 4.3.0 , < 4.3.12 (semver)
Affected: 4.1.0 , < 4.1.18 (semver)
Date Public
2025-04-22 12:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Vincent Schneider for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3625 (GCVE-0-2025-3625)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-25 14:42 – Updated: 2025-04-25 16:01
VLAI
Title
Moodle: user dos and name disclosure via idor in moodle mfa email factor revoke action
Summary
A security vulnerability was discovered in Moodle that can allow hackers to gain access to sensitive information about students and prevent them from logging into their accounts, even after they had completed two-factor authentication (2FA).
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 15:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
fedora CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 69/100 over 44 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3625 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2359690 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.4 (semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.8 (semver)
Affected: 4.3.0 , < 4.3.12 (semver)
Date Public
2025-04-22 12:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank vi22 for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3610 (GCVE-0-2025-3610)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-06 01:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:46
VLAI
Title
Reales WP STPT <= 2.1.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Privilege Escalation via Password Update
Summary
The Reales WP STPT plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.2. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like password. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary user's passwords and email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account. This can be combined with CVE-2025-3609 to achieve remote code execution as an originally unauthenticated user with no account.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-06 02:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pixel_prime Reales WP STPT Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.1.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Friderika Baranyai
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3605 (GCVE-0-2025-3605)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-09 06:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:34
VLAI
Title
Frontend Login and Registration Blocks <= 1.1.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover
Summary
The Frontend Login and Registration Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.1. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like email via the flr_blocks_user_settings_handle_ajax_callback() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user's password and gain access to their account.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-09 15:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Kenneth Dunn
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3575 (GCVE-0-2025-3575)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 08:54 – Updated: 2025-04-15 14:57
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference en Deporsite de T-INNOVA
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability in Deporsite from T-INNOVA allows an attacker to retrieve sensitive information from others users via "idUsuario" parameter in "/helper/Familia/establecerUsuarioSeleccion" endpoint.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-15 14:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
T-INNOVA Deporsite Affected: v05.29.0907
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-3574 (GCVE-0-2025-3574)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 08:47 – Updated: 2025-04-15 13:11
VLAI
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference on Deporsite by T-INNOVA
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability in Deporsite from T-INNOVA allows an attacker to retrieve sensitive information from others users via "idUsuario" parameter in "/helper/Familia/obtenerFamiliaUsuario" endpoint.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-15 13:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 153 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
T-INNOVA Deporsite Affected: v05.29.0907
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Carlos Alonso Arranz
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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