Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003

ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340

Modes of introduction

Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history

Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8

Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5711 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-13768 (GCVE-0-2025-13768)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-28 07:31 – Updated: 2025-11-28 14:56

Title

Uniong｜WebITR - Authorization Bypass

Summary

WebITR developed by Uniong has an Authentication Bypass vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to log into the system as any user by modifying a specific parameter. Attackers must first obtain a user ID to exploit this vulnerability.

Severity

7.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-28 14:56 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

twcert CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 96 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10538-6a26d-1.html	third-party-advisory
https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10539-21f45-2.html	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Uniong	WebITR	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2_1_0_33 (custom)

Date Public

2025-11-28 07:18

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13748 (GCVE-0-2025-13748)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-06 06:39 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:20

Title

Fluent Forms <= 6.1.7 - Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference to Payment Status Tampering via submission_id

Summary

The Fluent Forms – Customizable Contact Forms, Survey, Quiz, & Conversational Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.7 via the 'submission_id' parameter due to missing validation on a user controlled key within the confirmScaPayment() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary submissions as failed via crafted requests to the endpoint granted they can guess or enumerate a valid submission identifier.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-08 21:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3406…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
techjewel	Fluent Forms – Customizable Contact Forms, Survey, Quiz, & Conversational Form Builder	Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.1.7 (semver)

Credits

Md. Moniruzzaman Prodhan

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13615 (GCVE-0-2025-13615)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-30 01:53 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:17

Title

StreamTube Core <= 4.78 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary User Password Change

Summary

The StreamTube Core plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary User Password Change in versions up to, and including, 4.78. This is due to the plugin providing user-controlled access to objects, letting a user bypass authorization and access system resources. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change user passwords and potentially take over administrator accounts. Note: This can only be exploited if the 'registration password fields' enabled in theme options.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-01 13:31 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://themeforest.net/item/streamtube-responsiv…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
phpface	StreamTube Core	Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.78 (semver)

Credits

Friderika Baranyai

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13479 (GCVE-0-2025-13479)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 13:21 – Updated: 2026-05-21 13:49

Title

IDOR in PosCube's QR Menu

Summary

Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in PosCube Hardware Software and Consulting Ltd. QR Menu allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects QR Menu: through 21052026. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-21 13:49 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key

Assigner

TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler…	government-resource

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
PosCube Hardware Software and Consulting Ltd.	QR Menu	Affected: 0 , ≤ 21052026 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-21 13:16

Credits

Ahmet Umut OĞURLU

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13474 (GCVE-0-2025-13474)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 11:25 – Updated: 2026-06-04 06:34

Title

IDOR in Menulux Software's Mobile App

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Menulux Software Inc. Mobile App allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects Mobile App: before 9.5.8.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-16 14:44 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0457	government-resourcebroken-link
https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler…	government-resource

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Menulux Software Inc.	Mobile App	Affected: 0 , < 9.5.8 (custom)

Date Public

2025-12-16 11:15

Credits

Osman BARUTCU

Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-13457 (GCVE-0-2025-13457)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 03:21 – Updated: 2026-01-12 16:49

Title

WooCommerce Square <= 5.1.1 - Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference to Sensitive Information Exposure in get_token_by_id

Summary

The WooCommerce Square plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.1 via the get_token_by_id function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to expose arbitrary Square "ccof" (credit card on file) values and leverage this value to potentially make fraudulent charges on the target site.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-12 16:49 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3415…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
woocommerce	WooCommerce Square	Affected: 4.2.0 , < 4.2.3 (semver) Affected: 4.3.0 , < 4.3.2 (semver) Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver) Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.2 (semver) Affected: 4.6.0 , < 4.6.4 (semver) Affected: 4.7.0 , < 4.7.4 (semver) Affected: 4.8.0 , < 4.8.8 (semver) Affected: 4.9.0 , < 4.9.9 (semver) Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.0.1 (semver) Affected: 5.1.0 , < 5.1.2 (semver)

Credits

German

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13452 (GCVE-0-2025-13452)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 07:28 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:43

Title

Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo <= 14 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated User Impersonation in Order Messages

Summary

The Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to, and including, 14. This is due to a flawed permission check in the REST API permission callback that returns true when no nonce is provided. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to impersonate any WordPress user and inject arbitrary messages into any WooCommerce order conversation by directly calling the REST endpoint with controlled user_id, order_id, and context parameters.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-25 15:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3439999/

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nmedia	Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo	Affected: 0 , ≤ 14 (semver)

Credits

Md. Moniruzzaman Prodhan

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        },
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          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-and-client-message-after-order-for-woocommerce/trunk/includes/wprest.class.php#L56"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-and-client-message-after-order-for-woocommerce/tags/14/includes/wprest.class.php#L56"
        },
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          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-and-client-message-after-order-for-woocommerce/trunk/includes/wprest.class.php#L113"
        },
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CVE-2025-13389 (GCVE-0-2025-13389)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 07:28 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:09

Title

Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo <= 14 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Information Disclosure

Summary

The Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the `get_order_by_id()` function in all versions up to, and including, 14. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view sensitive WooCommerce order details and private conversation messages between customers and store administrators for any order by supplying an arbitrary order ID.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-25 14:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/admin-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3439999/

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nmedia	Admin and Customer Messages After Order for WooCommerce: OrderConvo	Affected: 0 , ≤ 14 (semver)

Credits

Md. Moniruzzaman Prodhan

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13382 (GCVE-0-2025-13382)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 07:28 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:14

Title

Frontend File Manager Plugin <= 23.4 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Renaming

Summary

The Frontend File Manager Plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 23.4. This is due to the plugin not validating file ownership before processing file rename requests in the '/wpfm/v1/file-rename' REST API endpoint. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to rename files uploaded by other users via the 'fileid' parameter.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-25 14:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nmedia…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nmedia…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nmedia…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nmedia	Frontend File Manager Plugin	Affected: 0 , ≤ 23.4 (semver)

Credits

Rajesh Singh

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-13157 (GCVE-0-2025-13157)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-27 06:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:16

Title

QODE Wishlist for WooCommerce <= 1.2.7 - Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference to Wishlist Update

Summary

The QODE Wishlist for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.7 via the 'qode_wishlist_for_woocommerce_wishlist_table_item_callback' function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the public view of arbitrary wishlists.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-11-28 16:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/qode-w…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3402469/

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
qodeinteractive	QODE Wishlist for WooCommerce	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.7 (semver)

Credits

Athiwat Tiprasaharn Powpy Peerapat Samatathanyakorn

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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